Research article Topical Sections

Psychometric properties of the workplace psychologically violent behaviors-WPVB instrument. Translation and validation in Greek Health Professionals

  • Received: 03 January 2019 Accepted: 21 February 2019 Published: 27 February 2019
  • Background: Mobbing exerts severe psychological and occupational effects on the victim. This study aims to validate the Yildirim & Yildirim’s Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors (WPVB) instrument (2008) in the Greek language in Greece, as cultural variations may result in significantly different perceptions of mobbing. Methodology: A translation process of the WPVB questionnaire scale was followed from the English to the Greek version and a review by a team of experts for its content validity took place, as well. Principal component analysis took place and the Cronbach's index was 0.95. The cross sectional, quantitative study was performed in 1536 health professionals (HPs), working in 11 public hospitals for at least one year with response rate of 76.8%. Results: Factor analysis revealed two factors, and 31-item construct, compared to the four factors and the 33-item construct of the original version of the tool. All items were found to have a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001). Median score was 0.48. Whereas 25% of answers score was above 1.00, thus suggesting significant mobbing in around 25% of HPs. Association of WPVBs subscales with sex and occupation are had lower values in women as compared to men. Lower scores on “Attack on personality” and “Total mobbing” score were recorded in nurses as compared to doctors. Doctors had lower scores on “Individual’s isolation from work” as compared to administrative personnel, while had greater scores on “Individual’s isolation from work” as compared to technicians. Nurses had significantly lower scores on “Attack on professional status”, “Individual’s isolation from work”, “Direct attack” and “Total mobbing” score as compared to administrative personnel. Conclusions: The study highlights that the phenomenon of mobbing exists in Greek HPs regardless of age, gender, level of study and negatively affects their lives. Focusing on improving this area, is expected to promote occupational health and safety of these workers.

    Citation: Aristotelis Koinis, Emmanouil Velonakis, Chara Tzavara, Foteini Tzavella, Styliani Tziaferi. Psychometric properties of the workplace psychologically violent behaviors-WPVB instrument. Translation and validation in Greek Health Professionals[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2019, 6(1): 79-95. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2019.1.79

    Related Papers:

  • Background: Mobbing exerts severe psychological and occupational effects on the victim. This study aims to validate the Yildirim & Yildirim’s Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors (WPVB) instrument (2008) in the Greek language in Greece, as cultural variations may result in significantly different perceptions of mobbing. Methodology: A translation process of the WPVB questionnaire scale was followed from the English to the Greek version and a review by a team of experts for its content validity took place, as well. Principal component analysis took place and the Cronbach's index was 0.95. The cross sectional, quantitative study was performed in 1536 health professionals (HPs), working in 11 public hospitals for at least one year with response rate of 76.8%. Results: Factor analysis revealed two factors, and 31-item construct, compared to the four factors and the 33-item construct of the original version of the tool. All items were found to have a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001). Median score was 0.48. Whereas 25% of answers score was above 1.00, thus suggesting significant mobbing in around 25% of HPs. Association of WPVBs subscales with sex and occupation are had lower values in women as compared to men. Lower scores on “Attack on personality” and “Total mobbing” score were recorded in nurses as compared to doctors. Doctors had lower scores on “Individual’s isolation from work” as compared to administrative personnel, while had greater scores on “Individual’s isolation from work” as compared to technicians. Nurses had significantly lower scores on “Attack on professional status”, “Individual’s isolation from work”, “Direct attack” and “Total mobbing” score as compared to administrative personnel. Conclusions: The study highlights that the phenomenon of mobbing exists in Greek HPs regardless of age, gender, level of study and negatively affects their lives. Focusing on improving this area, is expected to promote occupational health and safety of these workers.


    加载中


    Conflict of interest



    The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

    [1] Leymann H (1990) Mobbing and psychological terror at workplaces. Violence Vict 5: 119–126. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.5.2.119
    [2] Spiridakis M (2009) Power and mobbing in work. Athens, Dionikos (Book in Greek).
    [3] Bakella P, Yiagou E, Brahantini K (2013) Mobbing syndrome effect on nurses' professional life. Hellenic J Nurs Sci 6: 15–21 (article in Greek).
    [4] Yildirim D, Yildirim A (2007) Mobbing in the workplace by peers and managers: mobbing experienced by nurses working in healthcare facilities in Turkey and its effect on nurses. J Clin Nurs 16: 1444–1453. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01814.x
    [5] Zachariadou T, Zannetos S, Chira SE, et al. (2018) Prevalence and Forms of Workplace Bullying Among Health-care Professionals in Cyprus: Greek Version of "Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror" Instrument. Saf Health Work 9: 339–346. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2017.11.003
    [6] Sahin B, Cetin M, Cimen M, et al. (2012) Assessment of Turkish junior male physicians' exposure to mobbing behavior. Croat Med J 53: 357–366. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.357
    [7] Pai HC, Lee S (2011) Risk factors for workplace violence in clinical registered nurses in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs 20: 1405–1412. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03650.x
    [8] Erdogan V, Yildirim A (2017) Healthcare professionals' exposure to mobbing behaviors and the relation of mobbing with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Procedia Comput Sci 120: 931–938. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.328
    [9] Durmus SC, Topcu I, Yildirim A (2018) Mobbing Behaviors Encountered by Nurses and their Effects on Nurses. Int J Caring Sci 11: 905–913.
    [10] Katsilaki EX (2017) Investigation of Mobbing Syndrome and the role of communication in Health Professionals (Doctors & Nurses) at a public hospital. Diploma thesis, EAP.
    [11] Karatza C, Zyga S, Tziaferi S, et al. (2016) Workplace bullying and general health status among the nursing staff of Greek public hospitals. Ann Gen Psychiatry 15: 7. doi: 10.1186/s12991-016-0097-z
    [12] Gavrielatos G (2015). The
    [13] Patsia A, Polychronopoulou A, Sakaretsanou AK (2017). The attitude of nurses in public hospitals for labor intimidation. Qualitative research. Thesis. Technological Educational Institution of Western Greece, School of Health and Welfare Professionals, Department of Nursing.
    [14] Mastora TM (2013). Exploring Nursing Students' Views on Intimidation in 2013: A Phenomenological Study. Thesis. Department of Nursing School of Health and Welfare Sciences. Technological Educational Institute of Epirus. Available from: http://apothetirio.teiep.gr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/547/nsl_2013002. pdf?sequence=1.
    [15] Yildirim D (2009) Bullying among nurses and its effects. Int Nurs Rev 56: 504–511. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2009.00745.x
    [16] Cinar HG, Korkmaz AC, Yılmaz D (2016) Mobbing in Nursing, J hum rhythm 2: 89–93.
    [17] da Silva Joao AL, Saldanha Portelada AF (2016) Mobbing and Its Impact on Interpersonal Relationships at the Workplace. J Interpers Violence 2016 Aug 1: 886260516662850.
    [18] Ekici D, Beder A (2014) The effects of workplace bullying on physicians and nurses. Aust J Adv Nurs 31: 24–33.
    [19] Malinauskiene V, Einarsen S (2014) Workplace bullying and post-traumatic stress symptoms among family physicians in Lithuania: an occupation and region-specific approach. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 27: 919–932. doi: 10.2478/s13382-014-0328-y
    [20] Najafi F, Fallahi‑Khoshknab M, Ahmadi F, et al. (2018) Antecedents and consequences of workplace violence against nurses: A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 27: e116–e128. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13884
    [21] Hassankhani H, Parizad N, Gacki-Smith J, et al. (2018) The consequences of violence against nurses working in the emergency department: A qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 39: 20–25. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2017.07.007
    [22] Dikmetaş E, Top M, Ergin G (2011) An examination of mobbing and burnout of residents. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 22: 137–149.
    [23] Serafeimidou A, Dimou M (2016) Workplace bullying with special emphasis in the Greek public sector-A review article. 11th MIBES Conference-Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 22–24 June, 2016, 454−473. Available from: http://mibes.teilar.gr/proceedings/2016/Serafeimidou-Dimou.pdf.
    [24] Pantazis A, George I (2016) Workplace Bullying within Nursing Stuff [Greek]. Hellenic J Nurs 55: 320–328.
    [25] Fountouki A, Ourania P, Theofanidis D (2011) Nursing staff under heavy stress: focus on Greece. A critical review. Int J Caring Sci 4: 11–19.
    [26] Rodríguez-Carballeira A, Escartín Solanelles J, Visauta Vinacua B, et al. (2010) Categorization and hierarchy of workplace bullying strategies: A Delphi survey. Span J Psychol 13: 297–308. doi: 10.1017/S1138741600003875
    [27] Koinis A, Velonakis E, Tzavella F, et al. (2017) The Phenomenon of Mobbing in the Greek Health Sector: A pilot study [Greek]. Hellenic J Nurs 56: 233–244.
    [28] Koinis A, Tziaferi SG (2018) The phenomenon of Mobbing among health professionals in a Greek public hospital: A qualitative study. Announcement at 32nd International Congress of Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29 April–04 May, 2018.
    [29] Koinis A, Tzavella F, Velonakis E, et al. (2016) The mobbing in the health sector and its impact on quality of life of health professionals. A pilot study. Announcement at the 6th International FOHNEU Congress "New Occupational Health Horizons", Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 16–18 March, 2016.
    [30] Koinis A, Tzavella F, Velonakis E, et al. (2015) Effects of the phenomenon of mobbing on the quality of life of health professionals, in public and private hospitals of the first and sixth Health Region of Greece. A study protocol. Announcement at the 3rd International Congress on Occupational Health (ICOH)-Global Harmony for Occupational Health: Bridge the World. Seoul, Korea, 31 May–5 June, 2015.
    [31] Koinis A, Tziaferi SG (2014) Managing Ethical Harassment in the Workplace at Health Services, organized by the Medical and Nursing Service of the MN. Mesinia Rapporteur at the "Modern Nursing" Conference, Hematology News 9th Cycle, 20–21 September, 2014.
    [32] Drivas S (2002) The syndrome of mobbing at work. Petrol Refineries Chem Ind 9: 8–9.
    [33] Karakioulafi X (2003) Psychological and moral harassment in the workplace: definitions of the problem, institutional treatment and involvement of the employee representation bodies in managing and dealing with them. Labor Rel Rev 32: 21–37.
    [34] Konstantinidis M (2011) Labor harassment: A proposal for research and intervention. Occup Health Saf v.47.
    [35] Mueller R (2000) Basic principles of structural equation modeling. New York, USA: Springer.
    [36] Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cut-off criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equat Model 6: 1–55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
    [37] Al-Omari H (2015) Physical and verbal workplace violence against nurses in Jordan. Int Nurs Rev 62: 111–118. doi: 10.1111/inr.12170
    [38] Jaradat Y, Nielsen MB, Kristensen P, et al. (2016) Workplace aggression, psychological distress, and job satisfaction among Palestinian nurses: A cross-sectional study. Appl Nurs Res 32: 190–198. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2016.07.014
    [39] Cheung T, Yip PS (2017) Workplace violence towards nurses in Hong Kong: prevalence and correlates. BMC Public Health 17: 196. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4112-3
    [40] Al-Shamlan NA, Jayaseeli N, Al-Shawi MM, et al. (2017) Are nurses verbally abused? A cross-sectional study of nurses at a university hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. J Fam Community Med 24: 173–180.
    [41] Li Z, Yan CM, Shi L, et al. (2017) Workplace violence against the medical staff of Chinese children's hospitals: A cross-sectional study. PloS One 12: e0179373. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179373
    [42] Mantzouranis G, Fafliora E, Bampalis VG, et al. (2015) Assessment and Analysis of Workplace Violence in a Greek Tertiary Hospital. Arch Environ Occup Health 70: 256–264. doi: 10.1080/19338244.2013.879564
    [43] Cortina LM, Magley VJ, Williams JH, et al. (2001) Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. J Occup Health Psychol 6: 64–80. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.6.1.64
    [44] Niedhammer I, David S, Degioanni S (2007) Economic activities and occupations at high risk for workplace bullying: Results from a large-scale cross-sectional survey in the general working population in France. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 80: 346–353. doi: 10.1007/s00420-006-0139-y
    [45] Jóhannsdóttir HL, Ólafsson RF (2004) Coping with bullying in the workplace: The effect of gender, age, and type of bullying. Brit J Guid Couns 32: 319–333. doi: 10.1080/03069880410001723549
    [46] Ortega A, Høgh A, Pejtersen JH, et al. (2009) Prevalence of workplace bullying and risk groups: A representative population study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 82: 417–426. doi: 10.1007/s00420-008-0339-8
    [47] Namie G (2003) Workplace bullying: Escalated incivility. Ivey Bus J 68: 1–6.
    [48] Iftikhar M, Qureshi MI (2014) Modeling the workplace bullying the mediator of "workplace climate-employee health" relationship. J Manage Info 4: 96–124.
    [49] Zhang L, Wang A, Xie X, et al. (2017) Workplace violence against nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 72: 8–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.04.002
    [50] Davidoff F, Batalden P, Stevens D, et al. (2008) SQUIRE Development Group Publication Guidelines for Improvement Studies in Health Care: Evolution of the SQUIRE Project. Ann Intern Med 149: 670–676. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00009
    [51] Dilek Y, Aytolan Y (2008) Development and psychometric evaluation of workplace psychologically violent behaviors instrument. J Clin Nurs 17: 1361–1370. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02262.x
    [52] Economou C (2010) Greece: Health system review. Health Syst Transit 12: 1–180.
    [53] Pinar T, Acikel C, Pina, G, et al. (2015) Workplace violence in the health sector in Turkey: A national study. J Interpers Violence 32: 2345–2365.
    [54] AbuAlRub RF, Al Khawaldeh AT (2014) Workplace physical violence among hospital nurses and physicians in underserved areas in Jordan. J Clin Nurs 23: 1937–1947. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12473
    [55] Hamdan M, Hamra AA (2015) Workplace violence towards workers in the emergency departments of Palestinian hospitals: a cross-sectional study. Hum Resour Health 13: 28. doi: 10.1186/s12960-015-0018-2
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(4249) PDF downloads(969) Cited by(1)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Tables(6)

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog