Yield and seed quality parameters of common bean cultivars grown under water and heat stress field conditions

Panagiota Kazai; Christos Noulas; Ebrahim Khah; Dimitrios Vlachostergios; Panagiota Kazai; Christos Noulas; Ebrahim Khah; Dimitrios Vlachostergios

doi:10.3934/agrfood.2019.2.285

AIMS Agriculture and Food

2019, Volume 4, Issue 2: 285-302. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2019.2.285

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Research article

Yield and seed quality parameters of common bean cultivars grown under water and heat stress field conditions

1.
Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokos 384 46 N. Ionia. Volos, Magnesia, Greece
2.
Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–Demeter, (Agricultural Research General Directorate–N.AG.RE.F.), 1, Theophrastou Str., 413 35 Larissa, Greece

Received: 28 November 2018 Accepted: 19 March 2019 Published: 29 March 2019

Drought and heat stress strongly influence common bean development. The aim of this work was to study the effect of water stress on yield and quality traits of four common bean cultivars under xerothermic Mediterranean conditions. The field experiments were conducted under normal and water stress (50% of the normal) conditions applied 25 days after seed emergence (first flower buds visible). Agronomic, physiomorphological, quality traits and drought indices were assessed. Water stress reduced the number of pods plant⁻¹ (53%), seeds pod⁻¹ (9.7%), harvest index (49%) and seed yield (58%). Cultivar ‘Cannellino’ provided the higher performance both under normal and water stressed conditions and exhibited the lower drought susceptibility index and the highest mean productivity and geometric mean productivity across water treatments. These results were attributed primarily to the earliness of the cultivar ‘Cannellino’ which enabled avoidance of very high temperatures and severe drought and to the robustness and quick pod set. Valuable genetic variability was also observed for important quality seed traits (cooking time, protein). In conclusion, water stress is a significant limiting factor for seed yield and quality traits eventhough, suitable cultivars (i.e. ‘Cannellino’, ‘G. Northern’) were indentified in the course of this study. It is suggested that breeders select for early-flowering and quick pod-setting varieties to reduce the negative effects of water and heat stress in these environments.
- water stress,
- heat stress,
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.,
- seed yield,
- yield components,
- seed quality traits
Citation: Panagiota Kazai, Christos Noulas, Ebrahim Khah, Dimitrios Vlachostergios. Yield and seed quality parameters of common bean cultivars grown under water and heat stress field conditions[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2019, 4(2): 285-302. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2019.2.285

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Abstract

Drought and heat stress strongly influence common bean development. The aim of this work was to study the effect of water stress on yield and quality traits of four common bean cultivars under xerothermic Mediterranean conditions. The field experiments were conducted under normal and water stress (50% of the normal) conditions applied 25 days after seed emergence (first flower buds visible). Agronomic, physiomorphological, quality traits and drought indices were assessed. Water stress reduced the number of pods plant⁻¹ (53%), seeds pod⁻¹ (9.7%), harvest index (49%) and seed yield (58%). Cultivar ‘Cannellino’ provided the higher performance both under normal and water stressed conditions and exhibited the lower drought susceptibility index and the highest mean productivity and geometric mean productivity across water treatments. These results were attributed primarily to the earliness of the cultivar ‘Cannellino’ which enabled avoidance of very high temperatures and severe drought and to the robustness and quick pod set. Valuable genetic variability was also observed for important quality seed traits (cooking time, protein). In conclusion, water stress is a significant limiting factor for seed yield and quality traits eventhough, suitable cultivars (i.e. ‘Cannellino’, ‘G. Northern’) were indentified in the course of this study. It is suggested that breeders select for early-flowering and quick pod-setting varieties to reduce the negative effects of water and heat stress in these environments.

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