Research article Special Issues

Solar Power: A new mathematical definition and theoretical proof it is a Green Public Good

  • Received: 08 September 2019 Accepted: 27 September 2019 Published: 30 September 2019
  • JEL Codes: C6, D2, D4, D6, H2, H4, L5, P1, Q2, Q4, Q5

  • Solar Power is redefined in a new mathematical framework which describes its pertinent properties. It is shown that it is an economic good and that there are Property Rights and Economic Ownership associated with it. Its externalities have been examined with a view of including economic obligations created during the post emission control periods which correspond to growth without climate sustainability obligations. Also its valuation has been examined in states of both non-use and use in electricity production. A new definition of a Green Public Good is described which retains Samuelson's classic definition and has an climate externality component which under Pigouvian tax/subsidy does not satisfy Samuelson's second condition for Pareto optimality.

    Citation: Kalomoira Zisopoulou, Dionysia Panagoulia. Solar Power: A new mathematical definition and theoretical proof it is a Green Public Good[J]. Green Finance, 2019, 1(3): 312-327. doi: 10.3934/GF.2019.3.312

    Related Papers:

  • Solar Power is redefined in a new mathematical framework which describes its pertinent properties. It is shown that it is an economic good and that there are Property Rights and Economic Ownership associated with it. Its externalities have been examined with a view of including economic obligations created during the post emission control periods which correspond to growth without climate sustainability obligations. Also its valuation has been examined in states of both non-use and use in electricity production. A new definition of a Green Public Good is described which retains Samuelson's classic definition and has an climate externality component which under Pigouvian tax/subsidy does not satisfy Samuelson's second condition for Pareto optimality.


    加载中


    [1] Arora P, Chong A (2018) Government Effectiveness in the Provision of Public Goods: The Role of Institutional Quality. J Appl Econ 21: 175-196. doi: 10.1080/15140326.2018.1550593
    [2] Arrow KJ (1969) The Organization of Economic Activity: Issues Pertinent to the Choice of Market versus Nonmarket Allocation, In The Analysis and Evaluation of Public Expenditures: The PBB-System, Joint Economic Committee, 91st Cong., 1st Session, 16. U.S. Government.
    [3] Arrow K, Solow R, Portney PR, et al. (1993) Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation. Fed Regist 58: 4601-4614.
    [4] Bator FM (1958) The Anatomy of Market Failure. Q J Econ 72: 351-379. doi: 10.2307/1882231
    [5] Bergstrom TC, Cornes RC (1983) Independence of Allocative Efficiency from Distribution in the Theory of Public Goods. Econometrica 51: 1753-1765. doi: 10.2307/1912115
    [6] Bowen HR (1943) The Interpretation of Voting in the Allocation of Economic Resources. Q J Econ 58: 27-48. doi: 10.2307/1885754
    [7] Buchanan JM (1965) The Economic Theory of Clubs. Economic New Ser 32: 1-14. doi: 10.2307/2552442
    [8] Candela R, Geloso V (2019) Why Consider the Lighthouse a Public Good?. SSRN, 1-43.
    [9] Central Statistical Office of Ireland (2013) Economic Ownership and Changes in Ownership Goods, Non-Financial Assets, Financial Assets and Liabilities. In Meeting of Group of Experts on National Accounts-Interim Meeting on Global Production, 1-23.
    [10] Cheng HY, Yu CC, Hsu KC, et al. (2019) Estimating Solar Irradiance on Tilted Surface with Arbitrary Orientations and Tilt Angles. Energies 12: 1-14. doi: 10.3390/en13010001
    [11] Choy LHT, Ho WKO (2018) Building a Low Carbon China through Coasean Bargaining. Habitat Int 75: 139-146. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.03.007
    [12] Clarke EH (1971) Multipart Pricing of Public Goods. Public Choice 11: 17-33. doi: 10.1007/BF01726210
    [13] Coase RH (1960) The Problem of Social Cost. J Law Econ 40: 351-376.
    [14] Coulomb R, Henriet F (2018) The Grey Paradox: How Fossil-Fuel Owners Can Benefit from Carbon Taxation. J Environ Econ Manage 87: 206-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jeem.2017.07.001
    [15] DeBono E (1978) When Opportunity Knocks. Manage Today, 102-105.
    [16] Doda B (2013) Emissions-GDP Relationship in Times of Growth and Decline. Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy No. 136.
    [17] Epple D (1987) Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Estimating Demand and Supply Functions for Differentiated Products. J Political Econ 95: 59-80. doi: 10.1086/261441
    [18] Fröhlich C (2012) Total Solar Irradiance Observations. Surv Geophys 33: 453-473. doi: 10.1007/s10712-011-9168-5
    [19] Grossman GM (1995) Pollution and Growth: What Do We Know?, In The Economics of Sustainable Development, edited by Ian Goldin and L. Alan Winters, Cambridge University Press, 29-46.
    [20] Guasoni P, Schachermayer W (2004) Necessary Conditions for the Existence of Utility Maximizing Strategies under Transaction Costs. Statist Decisions 22: 153-170. doi: 10.1524/stnd.22.2.153.49129
    [21] Hamlin L (2019) Despite Renewables Mandate More than 80% of California Energy Needs Met Using Fossil Fuels. WUWT: Watts Up With That? Available from: https://wattsupwiththat.com/2019/05/26/despite-renewables-mandate-more-than-80-of-california-energy-needs-met-using-fossil-fuels/.
    [22] Head JG (1962) Public Goods and Public Policy. Public Financ 3: 205-208.
    [23] Holcombe RG (2000) Public Goods Theory and Public Policy. J Value Inquiry 34: 273-286. doi: 10.1023/A:1004730424324
    [24] Holcombe RG, Sobel RS (2001) Public Policy toward Pecuniary Externalities. Public Financ Rev 29: 304-325. doi: 10.1177/109114210102900402
    [25] Hosenuzzaman M, Rahim NA, Selvaraj J, et al. (2015) Global Prospects, Progress, Policies, and Environmental Impact of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation. Renew Sust Energy Rev 41: 284-297. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.046
    [26] Hulbert B, Brown RB, Adams S (1997) Towards an Understanding of "opportunity". Marketing Education Rev 7: 67-73. doi: 10.1080/10528008.1997.11488608
    [27] ICWE (1992) The Dublin statement on water and sustainable development. In ICWE (International Conference on Water and the Environment), Dublin: ICWE (International Conference on Water and the Environment), 55.
    [28] International Task Force on Global Public Goods (2006) Meeting Global Challenges: International Cooperation in the National Interest, Stockholm.
    [29] Iqbal M (1983) An Introduction To Solar Radiation, Academic Press.
    [30] Irena C (2014) The Socio-Economic Benefits of Large-Scale Solar and Wind Energy: An EconValue Report.
    [31] Kaufman N (2018a) The Social Cost of Carbon in Taxes and Subsidies Part 1: The Use of Current Estimates, New York.
    [32] Kaufman N (2018b) The Social Cost of Carbon in Taxes and Subsidies Part 2: Alternatives To the Us Government Sc-CO2 Estimates. Center Global Energy Policy.
    [33] Kaul I, Mendoza RU (2003) Advancing the Concept of Global Public Goods. In Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, edited by Inge Kaul, Pedro Conceição, Katell Le Goulven, and Ronald U. Mendoza, New York: Oxford University Press, 78-112.
    [34] King A, Schneider B (1992) The First Global Revolution: A Report of the Coucil of the Club of Rome, Orient Longman.
    [35] Kopp G (2016) Magnitudes and Timescales of Total Solar Irradiance Variability. J Space Weather Space Climate 6: 1-19. doi: 10.1051/swsc/2015040
    [36] Marten M, van Dender K (2019) The Use of Revenues from Carbon Pricing. 43. OECD Taxation Working Papers.
    [37] Marvão A, Manuel R, Pereira M (2010) Is Fuel-Switching a No-Regrets Environmental Policy? VAR Evidence on Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Performance in Portugal. Energy Econ 32 (1): 227-242.
    [38] McConnell CR, Brue SL, Flynn SM (2012) Microeconomics Principles, Problems, and Policies, 19th ed. McGraw-Hill Irwin.
    [39] Meadows DH, Meadows DL, Randers J, et al. (1972) Limits to Growth: A Report of the Coucil of the Club of Rome, 5th ed. New York: Universe Books.
    [40] Miller NH (1990) Notes on Micoeconomic Theory. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88644-6.50013-8.
    [41] Minasian JR (1964) Television Pricing and the Theory of Public Goods. J Law Econ 7: 71-80. doi: 10.1086/466600
    [42] Moghimi AM (2017) Optical, Thermal and Economic Optimization of a Linear Fresnel Collector. University of Pretoria.
    [43] Musgrave RA (1939) The Voluntary Exchange Theory of Public Economy. Q J Econ 53: 213-237. doi: 10.2307/1882886
    [44] Musgrave RA (1959) The Theory of Public Finance; A Study in Public Economy.
    [45] Musgrave RA (1969) Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Theory of Public Finance. J Econ Lit 7: 797-806.
    [46] Nam KM, Selin NE, Reilly JM, et al. (2010) Measuring Welfare Loss Caused by Air Pollution in Europe: A CGE Analysis. Energy Policy 38: 5059-5071. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.04.034
    [47] Nelson J, Gambhir A, Ekins-Daukes N (2014) Solar Power for CO2 Mitigation. London. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7722/c6f78dedc4b0491701ff29f0916be7d2af1a.pdf.
    [48] Nordhaus WD (2008) A Question of Balance, Yale University Press.
    [49] Nordhaus WD, Boyer J (2000) Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
    [50] OECD (2016) The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution, OECD Publishing, Paris.
    [51] Pearce D (1989) Economic Values and the Natural Environment. Anuari de La Societat Catalana d'Economia 7: 132-139.
    [52] Perry C, Rock M, Seckler D (1997) Water as an Economic Good: A Solution, or a Problem?. International Irrigation Management Institute Research Report 14, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    [53] Pigou AC (1929) The Economis of Welfare, 3rd ed. Macmillan and Co.
    [54] Pigou AC (1947) A Study in Public Finance, 3rd ed. London: Macmillan.
    [55] Poynder J (1844) Literary Extracts from English and Other Works, London: John Hatchard & Son.
    [56] Rezai A, Taylor L, Foley D (2017) Economic Growth, Income Distribution, and Climate Change. Working Paper Series 2017.
    [57] Robbins L (1932) An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, Edited by MacMillan & Co. London.
    [58] Robinson S (1990) Pollution, Market Failure, and Optimal Policy in an Economywide Framework. 198571. CUDARE Working Papers.
    [59] Samuelson PA (1954) The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure. Rev Econ Stat 36: 387-389. doi: 10.2307/1925895
    [60] Samuelson PA (1955) Diagrammatic Exposition of a Theory of Public Expenditure. Rev Econ Stat 37: 350-356. doi: 10.2307/1925849
    [61] Samuelson PA (1964) Public Goods and Subscription TV: Correction of the Record. J Law Econ 7: 81-83. doi: 10.1086/466601
    [62] Samuelson PA, Nordhaus WD (2009) Economics, 19th ed. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
    [63] Sandmo A (2001) Public Goods and Pigouvian Taxes. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6e9f/d30e502c6ddd6e35bf2f005e48e9f8e4c2aa.pdf.
    [64] Sandmo A (2009) The Scale and Scope of Environmental Taxation, In Tax Systems: Whence and Whither. Recent Evolution, Current Problems and Future Challenges, Malaga: Norwegian, 34.
    [65] Sax E (1887) Grundlegung Der Theoretischen Staatswirthschaft, Wien: Holder, Alfred. Available from: https://archive.org/details/grundlegungdert01saxgoog/page/n10.
    [66] Sax E (1958) Die Wertungstheorie Der Steuer (1924) Zeitschrift Fur Volkswirtschaft Und Socialpolitik, Vol. 4' Translated as The Valuation Theory of Taxation, In Classics in the Theory of Public Finance, edited by Richard Abel Musgrave and Allen T. Peacock, 1rst ed., New York: MacMillan St Martin's Press, 177-189.
    [67] Schlenker W, Roberts MJ (2009) Nonlinear Temperature Effects Indicate Severe Damages to U. S. Crop Yields under Climate Change. PNAS 106: 15594-15598.
    [68] Scitovsky T (1954) Two Concepts of External Economies. J Political Econ 62: 143-151. doi: 10.1086/257498
    [69] Smith VK (1993) Nonmarket Valuation of Environmental Resources: An Interpretive Appraisal. Land Econ 69: 1-26. doi: 10.2307/3146275
    [70] Smith VK, Huang JC (1995) Can Markets Value Air Quality? A Meta-Analysis of Hedonic Property Value Models. J Political Econ 103: 209-227.
    [71] Starrett DA (2003) Property Rights, Public Goods and the Environment. In Handbooks in Economics Series Vol. 1:Perspectives on Environmental Economics, edited by Karl-Goran Maler and Jeffrey Vincent, 1rst ed., North Holland, 572.
    [72] Sullivan S (2014) The Natural Capital Myth; or Will Accounting Save the World. The Leverhulme Centre for the Study of Value. Available from: http://thestudyofvalue.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/WP3-Sullivan-2014-Natural-Capital-Myth.pdf%0Ahttp://www.academia.edu/download/33689440/WP3-Sullivan-2014-Natural-Capital-Myth.pdf%0Ahttp://files/361/Sullivan-2014-Thenaturalcapitalmyth%0Aorwill.
    [73] Tabb WK (2007) Resource Wars. Mon Rev 58: 32-42. doi: 10.14452/MR-058-08-2007-01_3
    [74] Tiebout CM (1956) A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures. J Political Econ 64: 416-424. doi: 10.1086/257839
    [75] Uimonen S (2001) The Insufficiency of Pigouvian Taxes in a Spatial General Equilibrium Model. Ann Reg Sci 35: 283-98. doi: 10.1007/s001680100045
    [76] Valenzuela N, Literman R, Neuwald JL, et al. (2019) Extreme Thermal Fluctuations from Climate Change Unexpectedly Accelerate Demographic Collapse of Vertebrates with Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination. Sci Reports 9: 1-11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37186-2
    [77] Wald L (2018) Basics in Solar Radiation At Earth Surface. MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University. Available from: https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01676634/document.
    [78] White C (2015) Understanding Water Markets: Public vs. Private Goods, In Global Water Forum, 1-8.
    [79] Wicksell K (1958) Eine Neues Prinzip Der Gerechten Besteuerung, K. Wicksell (Ed) Finanztheoretische Untersuchungen Nebst Darstellung Und Kritik Des Steuerwesens Schwedens, Gustav Fleischer Jena 1896' Translated as A New Principle of Just Taxation, In Classics in the Theory of Public Finance, edited by Richard Abel Musgrave and Allen T. Peacock, 1rst ed., MacMillan St Martin's Press, 72-118.
    [80] World Bank Group (1998) Economic Analysis of Environmental Externalities, In Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998, World Bank Group, 54-62.
    [81] Zhao XB (2011) The Impact of CO2 Emission Cuts on Income. In Agricultural & Applied Economics Association's 2011 AAEA & NAREA Joint Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh: Agricultural & Applied Economics Association's 2011 AAEA & NAREA Joint Annual Meeting, 1-18.
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(4747) PDF downloads(412) Cited by(4)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(2)  /  Tables(1)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog