Trace metals concentration in vegetables of a sub-urban industrial area of Bangladesh and associated health risk assessment

Rafiquel Islam; Sazal Kumar; Aminur Rahman; Joyonto Karmoker; Samrat Ali; Sakinul Islam; Md. Saiful Islam; Rafiquel Islam; Sazal Kumar; Aminur Rahman; Joyonto Karmoker; Samrat Ali; Sakinul Islam; Md. Saiful Islam

doi:10.3934/environsci.2018.3.130

AIMS Environmental Science

2018, Volume 5, Issue 3: 130-142. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2018.3.130

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Research article

Trace metals concentration in vegetables of a sub-urban industrial area of Bangladesh and associated health risk assessment

1.
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
2.
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
3.
Department of Public Health Engineering, Khulna Zonal Laboratory, Khulna, Bangladesh
4.
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University (City Campus), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
5.
Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh

Received: 28 August 2017 Accepted: 14 May 2018 Published: 18 May 2018

Trace metals contamination of vegetables in the sub-urban industrial area of Bangladsh are increasing day by day. The mostly consumed vegetables like tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), spinach (Spinacea oleracea), bean (Lablab purpureus), brinjal (Solanum melongena), potato (Solanum tuberosum), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var cupitata), and radish (Raphanus sativus) were collected from industrial area. Trace metals arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The descending order of trace metals followed the order of Zn>Mn>Pb>Cd>As. The results revealed that every vegetable contained the highest concentration of Zn range from 15 ± 1.4 to 50 ± 4.0 mg/kg fresh weight. Trace metals in vegetables exceeded the permissible level of FAO and WHO standard. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were estimated on the basis of estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) and target carcinogenic risks (TRs). The EDI values of all trace metals were below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were greater than 1, indicated that if people consume these types of vegetables in their diet, they might pose risk to these metals. Finally, the total cancer risks (TRs) values were 6.4 × 10⁻³ for As and 8.7 × 10⁻⁵ for Pb which were greater than threshold value of USEPA (10⁻⁶), indicating that the consuming inhabitants of these vegetables are exposed to As and Pb with a lifetime cancer risk.
- Bangladesh,
- food security,
- trace metals,
- health risk,
- vegetables
Citation: Rafiquel Islam, Sazal Kumar, Aminur Rahman, Joyonto Karmoker, Samrat Ali, Sakinul Islam, Md. Saiful Islam. Trace metals concentration in vegetables of a sub-urban industrial area of Bangladesh and associated health risk assessment[J]. AIMS Environmental Science, 2018, 5(3): 130-142. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2018.3.130

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Abstract

Trace metals contamination of vegetables in the sub-urban industrial area of Bangladsh are increasing day by day. The mostly consumed vegetables like tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), spinach (Spinacea oleracea), bean (Lablab purpureus), brinjal (Solanum melongena), potato (Solanum tuberosum), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var cupitata), and radish (Raphanus sativus) were collected from industrial area. Trace metals arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The descending order of trace metals followed the order of Zn>Mn>Pb>Cd>As. The results revealed that every vegetable contained the highest concentration of Zn range from 15 ± 1.4 to 50 ± 4.0 mg/kg fresh weight. Trace metals in vegetables exceeded the permissible level of FAO and WHO standard. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were estimated on the basis of estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) and target carcinogenic risks (TRs). The EDI values of all trace metals were below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were greater than 1, indicated that if people consume these types of vegetables in their diet, they might pose risk to these metals. Finally, the total cancer risks (TRs) values were 6.4 × 10⁻³ for As and 8.7 × 10⁻⁵ for Pb which were greater than threshold value of USEPA (10⁻⁶), indicating that the consuming inhabitants of these vegetables are exposed to As and Pb with a lifetime cancer risk.

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