Hydrothermal carbonization of glucose in saline solution: sequestration of nutrients on carbonaceous materials

M Toufiq Reza; Jessica Nover; Benjamin Wirth; Charles J Coronella; M Toufiq Reza; Jessica Nover; Benjamin Wirth; Charles J Coronella

doi:10.3934/energy.2016.1.173

AIMS Energy

2016, Volume 4, Issue 1: 173-189. doi: 10.3934/energy.2016.1.173

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Research article

Hydrothermal carbonization of glucose in saline solution: sequestration of nutrients on carbonaceous materials

1.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
2.
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
3.
APECS Group, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam 14469, Germany
4.
Energy Process Engineering and Conversion Technologies for Renewable Energies (EVUR), Technische Universität Berlin, Fasanenstraße 89, 10623 Berlin, Germany
5.
Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

Received: 17 November 2015 Accepted: 28 January 2016 Published: 02 February 2016

In this study, feasibility of selected nutrient sequestration during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was tested for three different HTC temperatures (180, 230, and 300 °C). To study the nutrient sequestration in solid from liquid solution, sugar and salt solutions were chosen as HTC feedstock. Glucose was used as carbohydrate source and various salts e.g., ammonium hydrophosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and anhydrous ferric chloride were used as source of nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium, and iron, respectively. Solid hydrochar was extensively characterized by means of elemental, ICP-OES, SEM-EDX, surface area, pore volume and size, and ATR-FTIR to determine nutrients’ sequestration as well as hydrochar quality variation with HTC temperatures. The spherical mesoporous hydrochars produced during HTC have low surface area in the range of 1.0–3.5 m² g⁻¹. Hydrochar yield was increased about 10% with the increase of temperature from 180 °C to 300 °C. Nutrient sequestration was also increased with HTC temperature. In fact, around 71, 31, and 23 wt% nitrogen, iron, and phosphorus were sequestered at 300 °C, respectively. Potassium sequestration was very low throughout the HTC and maximum 5.2% was observed in solid during HTC.
- Hydrothermal carbonization,
- glucose,
- hydrochar,
- nutrient sequestration,
- surface study,
- porosity
Citation: M Toufiq Reza, Jessica Nover, Benjamin Wirth, Charles J Coronella. Hydrothermal carbonization of glucose in saline solution: sequestration of nutrients on carbonaceous materials[J]. AIMS Energy, 2016, 4(1): 173-189. doi: 10.3934/energy.2016.1.173

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Abstract

In this study, feasibility of selected nutrient sequestration during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was tested for three different HTC temperatures (180, 230, and 300 °C). To study the nutrient sequestration in solid from liquid solution, sugar and salt solutions were chosen as HTC feedstock. Glucose was used as carbohydrate source and various salts e.g., ammonium hydrophosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and anhydrous ferric chloride were used as source of nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium, and iron, respectively. Solid hydrochar was extensively characterized by means of elemental, ICP-OES, SEM-EDX, surface area, pore volume and size, and ATR-FTIR to determine nutrients’ sequestration as well as hydrochar quality variation with HTC temperatures. The spherical mesoporous hydrochars produced during HTC have low surface area in the range of 1.0–3.5 m² g⁻¹. Hydrochar yield was increased about 10% with the increase of temperature from 180 °C to 300 °C. Nutrient sequestration was also increased with HTC temperature. In fact, around 71, 31, and 23 wt% nitrogen, iron, and phosphorus were sequestered at 300 °C, respectively. Potassium sequestration was very low throughout the HTC and maximum 5.2% was observed in solid during HTC.

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