<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> isolates from Western Cape, South Africa exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics and contradicts certain global resistance patterns

Rochelle Keet; Diane Rip; Rochelle Keet; Diane Rip

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2021004

AIMS Microbiology

2021, Volume 7, Issue 1: 40-58. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2021004

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Research article

Listeria monocytogenes isolates from Western Cape, South Africa exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics and contradicts certain global resistance patterns

Rochelle Keet ,
Diane Rip ^,

Department of Food Science, Centre for Food Safety, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Received: 26 October 2020 Accepted: 04 January 2021 Published: 19 January 2021

Food-borne disease outbreaks are common and offer valuable insights into the causes, impacts, and mechanisms underlying food pathogens. This also serves as a good foundation to validate the performance of current best practice control methods, for example antibiotics, that are used in the fight against food pathogens. Listeriosis outbreaks, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is no exception. In 2018, South Africa experienced the largest global listeriosis outbreak recorded to date. However, despite the scale of this outbreak, information on the bacterium and its resistance towards antibiotics is still severely lacking. Furthermore, until now it remained to be determined whether L. monocytogenes antibiotic resistance patterns in South Africa mirror resistance patterns elsewhere in the world. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics that are currently used against L. monocytogenes. Using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) disc diffusion method, L. monocytogenes isolates (n = 177) from diverse origins in the Western Cape, South Africa (clinical, food, and environment) were tested for susceptibility against five different antibiotics, namely ampicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and tetracycline. Isolates were collected over a period of two years (2017–2019). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, the currently recommended antibiotic, while a large number of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Also, patterns of resistance observed here are different to patterns observed elsewhere. The findings of this study demonstrate that it is imperative to continuously monitor the efficacy of currently recommended antibiotics, since resistance patterns can quickly develop when such antibiotics are overutilized, and secondly, that it is crucial to assess local antibiotic resistance patterns in conjunction with global patterns, since the latter is not necessarily generalizable to local scales.
- Listeria monocytogenes,
- listeriosis,
- antibiotic resistance,
- outbreaks,
- ready to eat foods,
- environment,
- South Africa
Citation: Rochelle Keet, Diane Rip. Listeria monocytogenes isolates from Western Cape, South Africa exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics and contradicts certain global resistance patterns[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2021, 7(1): 40-58. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2021004

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Abstract

Food-borne disease outbreaks are common and offer valuable insights into the causes, impacts, and mechanisms underlying food pathogens. This also serves as a good foundation to validate the performance of current best practice control methods, for example antibiotics, that are used in the fight against food pathogens. Listeriosis outbreaks, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is no exception. In 2018, South Africa experienced the largest global listeriosis outbreak recorded to date. However, despite the scale of this outbreak, information on the bacterium and its resistance towards antibiotics is still severely lacking. Furthermore, until now it remained to be determined whether L. monocytogenes antibiotic resistance patterns in South Africa mirror resistance patterns elsewhere in the world. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics that are currently used against L. monocytogenes. Using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) disc diffusion method, L. monocytogenes isolates (n = 177) from diverse origins in the Western Cape, South Africa (clinical, food, and environment) were tested for susceptibility against five different antibiotics, namely ampicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and tetracycline. Isolates were collected over a period of two years (2017–2019). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, the currently recommended antibiotic, while a large number of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Also, patterns of resistance observed here are different to patterns observed elsewhere. The findings of this study demonstrate that it is imperative to continuously monitor the efficacy of currently recommended antibiotics, since resistance patterns can quickly develop when such antibiotics are overutilized, and secondly, that it is crucial to assess local antibiotic resistance patterns in conjunction with global patterns, since the latter is not necessarily generalizable to local scales.

Acknowledgments

This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant number 108031 and 115594). The author would like to thank Microchem Lab Services (Pty) Ltd for isolates from food and environmental origin, National Health Laboratory Services (Microbiology Lab, Observatory) for isolates from clinical origin, and Dr. J-H Keet for his assistance in data analysis and statistics.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this paper.

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