Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of heavy metals tolerant <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> FHq strain isolated from tannery effluents in Bangladesh

Farhana Haque; Ishrat Jabeen; Chaman Ara Keya; Sabbir R. Shuvo; Farhana Haque; Ishrat Jabeen; Chaman Ara Keya; Sabbir R. Shuvo

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2022018

AIMS Microbiology

2022, Volume 8, Issue 2: 226-238. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022018

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Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of heavy metals tolerant Bacillus anthracis FHq strain isolated from tannery effluents in Bangladesh

Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Received: 22 January 2022 Revised: 18 May 2022 Accepted: 27 May 2022 Published: 24 June 2022

Heavy metal contamination of the environment is a primary concern in Bangladesh. This study aims to characterize a novel heavy metal tolerant strain, Bacillus anthracis FHq, isolated from the tannery effluents of Savar, Bangladesh. The strain could tolerate up to 5 mM of lead nitrate, 2.5 mM of sodium arsenate, chromium chloride, cobalt chloride, 1.5 mM cadmium acetate, and 1 mM of sodium arsenite. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the genome of the strain is around 5.2 Mbp long, and the G + C content is 35.4%. Besides, FHq has genes cadC, zntA, arsCR, czcD, and chrA, which confer lead, arsenic, cobalt, and chromium resistance, respectively. A total of nineteen other closely related and completely sequenced B. anthracis strains were selected based on average nucleotide identity along with the FHq strain for phylogenomic and pan-genome analysis. The phylogenomic analysis predicted the inter-genomic evolutionary relationship of the strain isolated from Bangladesh, and it was closely related to a strain isolated from China. Pan-genome analysis revealed that the FHq strain possesses 6045 pan genes, 3802 core genes, and 152 unique genes in its genomic content. Hence, the genetic information and comparative analysis of the FHq strain might facilitate identifying the mechanisms conferring high resistance to lead in B. anthracis strains isolated from Bangladesh.
- Whole-genome sequencing,
- lead resistant,
- Bacillus anthracis,
- Bangladesh,
- In-silico analysis
Citation: Farhana Haque, Ishrat Jabeen, Chaman Ara Keya, Sabbir R. Shuvo. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of heavy metals tolerant Bacillus anthracis FHq strain isolated from tannery effluents in Bangladesh[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2022, 8(2): 226-238. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022018

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Abstract

Heavy metal contamination of the environment is a primary concern in Bangladesh. This study aims to characterize a novel heavy metal tolerant strain, Bacillus anthracis FHq, isolated from the tannery effluents of Savar, Bangladesh. The strain could tolerate up to 5 mM of lead nitrate, 2.5 mM of sodium arsenate, chromium chloride, cobalt chloride, 1.5 mM cadmium acetate, and 1 mM of sodium arsenite. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the genome of the strain is around 5.2 Mbp long, and the G + C content is 35.4%. Besides, FHq has genes cadC, zntA, arsCR, czcD, and chrA, which confer lead, arsenic, cobalt, and chromium resistance, respectively. A total of nineteen other closely related and completely sequenced B. anthracis strains were selected based on average nucleotide identity along with the FHq strain for phylogenomic and pan-genome analysis. The phylogenomic analysis predicted the inter-genomic evolutionary relationship of the strain isolated from Bangladesh, and it was closely related to a strain isolated from China. Pan-genome analysis revealed that the FHq strain possesses 6045 pan genes, 3802 core genes, and 152 unique genes in its genomic content. Hence, the genetic information and comparative analysis of the FHq strain might facilitate identifying the mechanisms conferring high resistance to lead in B. anthracis strains isolated from Bangladesh.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

Contributions

FH collected the sample, analyzed the data, and prepared figures, tables, and the manuscript. IJ and CAK analyzed data and reviewed the manuscript. SRS designed the experiment, analyzed data, provided funding, and reviewed the manuscript.

Funding

These study was partially funded through an R&D (2020–2021) grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology Bangladesh to SRS; and a CTRGC (2019-2020) grant from NSU to SRS.

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