Application of biological systems and processes employing microbes and algae to Reduce, Recycle, Reuse (3Rs) for the sustainability of circular bioeconomy

Divakar Dahiya; Hemant Sharma; Arun Kumar Rai; Poonam Singh Nigam; Divakar Dahiya; Hemant Sharma; Arun Kumar Rai; Poonam Singh Nigam

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2022008

AIMS Microbiology

2022, Volume 8, Issue 1: 83-102. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022008

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Review Special Issues

Application of biological systems and processes employing microbes and algae to Reduce, Recycle, Reuse (3Rs) for the sustainability of circular bioeconomy

1.
Wexham Park Hospital, Wexham Street, Slough Berkshire, SL2 4HL, UK
2.
Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim India
3.
Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

Received: 21 December 2021 Revised: 11 March 2022 Accepted: 15 March 2022 Published: 28 March 2022

The circular bioeconomy has undoubtedly gained global momentum during the last few years. The bioeconomy envisions “3R”, the goal of 3R (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) is to implement in circular economy preventing excessive and unnecessary wastes. The circular bioeconomy emphasizes the best use of all sorts of available bioresources through the reduction of generated wastes during product formation, recycling of generated wastes, and reuse of valuable by-products and residues. Biotechnology could be useful in utilizing the resources to the optimum and therefore the role of biological agents and bioprocesses is of prime importance. In this review, we highlight the paramount importance of beneficial strains of microorganisms, macro, and microalgae in the bioeconomy. Microorganisms are universally recognized for the notable production of a vast array of secondary metabolites and other functionalities with possible use in various sectors. The application of potential strains in industries and modern agriculture practices could progressively improve the effective yield of food and feed, including fertilization of arid soils, bioconversion of by-products from industrial processes, and agriculture wastes. The valuable properties of specifically selected biological agents typically make them suitable candidates for their efficient contribution to circular bioeconomy without hampering the environment.
- bioeconomy,
- microorganisms,
- algae,
- recycling, reuse,
- reduce,
- value-added products,
- metabolites,
- enzymes,
- bioeconomy,
- sustainability
Citation: Divakar Dahiya, Hemant Sharma, Arun Kumar Rai, Poonam Singh Nigam. Application of biological systems and processes employing microbes and algae to Reduce, Recycle, Reuse (3Rs) for the sustainability of circular bioeconomy[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2022, 8(1): 83-102. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022008

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Abstract

The circular bioeconomy has undoubtedly gained global momentum during the last few years. The bioeconomy envisions “3R”, the goal of 3R (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) is to implement in circular economy preventing excessive and unnecessary wastes. The circular bioeconomy emphasizes the best use of all sorts of available bioresources through the reduction of generated wastes during product formation, recycling of generated wastes, and reuse of valuable by-products and residues. Biotechnology could be useful in utilizing the resources to the optimum and therefore the role of biological agents and bioprocesses is of prime importance. In this review, we highlight the paramount importance of beneficial strains of microorganisms, macro, and microalgae in the bioeconomy. Microorganisms are universally recognized for the notable production of a vast array of secondary metabolites and other functionalities with possible use in various sectors. The application of potential strains in industries and modern agriculture practices could progressively improve the effective yield of food and feed, including fertilization of arid soils, bioconversion of by-products from industrial processes, and agriculture wastes. The valuable properties of specifically selected biological agents typically make them suitable candidates for their efficient contribution to circular bioeconomy without hampering the environment.

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge Elsevier for allowing us to reuse an image in this review (as figure 2), which was published in Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X, Vol 6, P. Stegmanna, M. Londob and M. Junginger, The circular bioeconomy: Its elements and role in European bioeconomy clusters, 100029, Copyright Elsevier (2020).

Funding

The writing of this review did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflicts of interest

All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this review article.

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