Research article Special Issues

A calibration of E-field probe based on tissue-equivalent liquid waveguide and evaluation of uncertainty

  • Received: 12 March 2019 Accepted: 25 July 2019 Published: 28 August 2019
  • For the accuracy of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) measurement, there is a need to have the measuring instrument, the E-field probe, calibrated on a regular basis, however, the conventional calibration approach can be complicated for an encapsulated dosimestic E-field probe. This paper proposed a new method to obtain the conversion factor of the E-field probe in the simulant tissue. The novelty of this proposal is that it can simplify the procedure of the conversion factor analysis, by employing the liquid waveguide with known E-filed as a component of the reference field to compare with the measured E-field of the dosimestic probe immersed in the equivalent-tissue liquid. Also, this paper evaluated the uncertainty of calibration for this method.

    Citation: Dianyuan Qi, Zongying Yu, Jing Zhao, Fangzhu Zou. A calibration of E-field probe based on tissue-equivalent liquid waveguide and evaluation of uncertainty[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2019, 16(6): 7911-7920. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019397

    Related Papers:

  • For the accuracy of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) measurement, there is a need to have the measuring instrument, the E-field probe, calibrated on a regular basis, however, the conventional calibration approach can be complicated for an encapsulated dosimestic E-field probe. This paper proposed a new method to obtain the conversion factor of the E-field probe in the simulant tissue. The novelty of this proposal is that it can simplify the procedure of the conversion factor analysis, by employing the liquid waveguide with known E-filed as a component of the reference field to compare with the measured E-field of the dosimestic probe immersed in the equivalent-tissue liquid. Also, this paper evaluated the uncertainty of calibration for this method.


    加载中


    [1] IEEE Std C95.1-2005, IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz. 2005.
    [2] IEEE Std 1528, IEEE recommended practice for determining the peak spatial-average specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human head from wireless communications devices: Measurement techniques, Sept. 2013.
    [3] IEC Std 62209-1, Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices-Part 1: Devices used next to the ear (Frequency range of 300 MHz to 6 GHz). 2016.
    [4] IEC Std 62209-2, Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices-Human models, instrumentation, and procedures-Part 2: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for wireless communication devices used in close proximity to the human body (frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz). 2010.
    [5] ICNIRP, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). 1998.
    [6] ISO/TS 14253-3, Geometrical product specifications (GPS)-Inspection by measurement of workpieces and measuring equipment-Part 3: Guidelines for achieving agreements on measurement uncertainty statements. 2002.
    [7] K. Poković, "Advanced electromagnetic porbe for near-field evaluations," ph.D. dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, 1999.
    [8] H. I. Bassen and G. S. Smith, Electric field probes-A Review, IEEE Transact. Anten. Propagat., 31 (1983), 710–718.
    [9] S. Pirbhulal, H. Y. Zhang, W. Q. Wu, et al., Heartbeats based biometric random binary sequences generation to secure wireless body sensor networks, IEEE Transact. Biomed. Eng. 65 (2018), 2751–2759.
    [10] W. Q. Wu, S. Pirbhulal, H. Y. Zhang, et al., Quantitative assessment for self-tracking of acute stress based on triangulation principle in a wearable sensor system, IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 99 (2018), 1.
    [11] S. Pirbhulal, H. Y. Zhang, S. Mukhopadhyay, et al., An efficient biometric-based algorithm using heart rate variability for securing body sensor networks, Sensors, 15 (2015), 15067–15089.
    [12] S. Pirbhulal, H. Y. Zhang, M. E. E. Alahi, et al., A novel secure IoT-based smart home automation system using a wireless sensor network, Sensors, 17 (2017), 69.
    [13] W. Q. Wu, H. Y. Zhang, S. Pirbhulal, et al., Assessment of biofeedback training for emotion management through wearable textile physiological monitoring system, IEEE Sensors J., 15 (2015), 7087–7095.
    [14] H. Viltanen, J. Keshvari and R. Lappalainen, Interaction of radio frequency electromagnetic fields and passive metallic implants-A brief review, Bioelectromagnetics, 27(2006), 431–439.
    [15] V. Hombach, K. Meier, M. Burkhardt, et al., The dependence of EM energy absorption on human head modeling at 900 MHz, IEEE Transact. Microwave Theor. Techn, 44 (1996), 1865–1873.
    [16] A. Kyriacou, A. Christ, E. Neufeld, et al., Maximum Local Tissue Temperature Increase by Implanted Medical Devices Due to Electromagnetic Field Exposure, Bioelectromagnetics Annual Meeting, Seoul, Korea, June 2010.
    [17] L. Aberbour, B. Derat and A. Cozza, Analysis of vector E-field sensor array for real-time SAR assessment, Proceedings of European Conference on Antenna and Propagation (EuCAP), 2013.
    [18] K. Poković, T. Schmid and N. Kuster, Millimeter-resolution E-field probe for isotropic measurement in lossy media between 100 MHz and 20 GHz, IEEE Transact. Instrum. Meas., 49 (2000), 873–878.
    [19] T. Iyama, K. Kiminami and T. Onishi, Applicability of three-axis electro-optic (EO) probe for specific absorption rate (SAR) measurement. IEICE Transact. Commun., 92 (2009), 1414–1417.
    [20] O. Merckel, G. Fleury and J. C. Bolomey, Rapid SAR measurement via parametric modeling. In 5th International Congress of the European Bioelectromagnetics Association, Helsinki, Finland, September 2001.
    [21] C. C. Davis and Q. Balzano, The international intercomparison of SAR measurements on cellular telephones, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 51 (2009), 210–216.
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(3663) PDF downloads(409) Cited by(0)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(6)  /  Tables(4)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog