Conversion of chromium from simulated batik waste through the utilization of gamma irradiation technique to produce potassium dichromate

Sugili Putra; Fifi Nurfiana; Junita Sari; Waringin M. Yusmaman; Sugili Putra; Fifi Nurfiana; Junita Sari; Waringin M. Yusmaman

doi:10.3934/environsci.2024023

AIMS Environmental Science

2024, Volume 11, Issue 3: 457-470. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2024023

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Conversion of chromium from simulated batik waste through the utilization of gamma irradiation technique to produce potassium dichromate

Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Babarsari Kotak POB 6101/YKKB, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Received: 29 December 2023 Revised: 24 April 2024 Accepted: 14 June 2024 Published: 20 June 2024

Chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) is a type of hazardous waste generated by the batik industry. In this study, the gamma irradiation technique was applied to precipitate chromium in simulated batik mordanting waste. Gamma irradiation induced the generation of active species, including hydrated electrons (e_aq^-) and hydrogen atoms (•H), which effectively reduced Cr(Ⅵ) ions to Cr(Ⅲ) and caused precipitation as chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)₃) upon interaction with hydroxide ions (OH^-). Optimal precipitation conditions were observed at 40 kGy irradiation dose, 4M of 2-propanol work as scavenger, and pH 9. The applied reaction conditions led to a decrease in the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in simulated waste from 11,673 ppm to 177 ppm. The Cr(OH)₃ was calcined to form chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) and through a chemical process was synthesized back into K₂Cr₂O₇ with the total Cr recovery of 63.39%. SEM and FTIR analysis indicated that the recovery of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(OH)₃, Cr₂O₃, and K₂Cr₂O₇ can be considered successful.
- potassium dichromate,
- batik waste,
- gamma irradiation,
- chromium
Citation: Sugili Putra, Fifi Nurfiana, Junita Sari, Waringin M. Yusmaman. Conversion of chromium from simulated batik waste through the utilization of gamma irradiation technique to produce potassium dichromate[J]. AIMS Environmental Science, 2024, 11(3): 457-470. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2024023

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Abstract

Chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) is a type of hazardous waste generated by the batik industry. In this study, the gamma irradiation technique was applied to precipitate chromium in simulated batik mordanting waste. Gamma irradiation induced the generation of active species, including hydrated electrons (e_aq^-) and hydrogen atoms (•H), which effectively reduced Cr(Ⅵ) ions to Cr(Ⅲ) and caused precipitation as chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)₃) upon interaction with hydroxide ions (OH^-). Optimal precipitation conditions were observed at 40 kGy irradiation dose, 4M of 2-propanol work as scavenger, and pH 9. The applied reaction conditions led to a decrease in the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in simulated waste from 11,673 ppm to 177 ppm. The Cr(OH)₃ was calcined to form chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) and through a chemical process was synthesized back into K₂Cr₂O₇ with the total Cr recovery of 63.39%. SEM and FTIR analysis indicated that the recovery of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(OH)₃, Cr₂O₃, and K₂Cr₂O₇ can be considered successful.

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