Treatment of greywater by Electrocoagulation process coupled with sand bed filter and activated carbon adsorption process in continuous mode

Prajakta Waghe; Khalid Ansari; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Tripti Gupta; Aniket Pathade; Charuta Waghmare; Prajakta Waghe; Khalid Ansari; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Tripti Gupta; Aniket Pathade; Charuta Waghmare

doi:10.3934/environsci.2024004

AIMS Environmental Science

2024, Volume 11, Issue 1: 57-74. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2024004

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Treatment of greywater by Electrocoagulation process coupled with sand bed filter and activated carbon adsorption process in continuous mode

1.
Department of Chemistry, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India, 441110
2.
Department of Civil Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India, 441110
3.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4.
Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5.
Department of Civil Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, India, 440013
6.
Research Consultant, Directorate of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, India, 442107
^†: Author Contributed Equally with First Author

Received: 30 October 2023 Revised: 20 December 2023 Accepted: 24 January 2024 Published: 05 February 2024

Worldwide population growth and consumerism have elevated the water pollution problem to the top of the environmental priority list, with severe consequences for public health, particularly in agricultural countries such as India, where water scarcity is a big challenge. Hence, greywater has the potential to be one of the most sustainable options to meet the growing need for freshwater with satisfying treatment options. This study focused on the assessment of electrocoagulation coupled with the filtration and adsorption processes in continuous modes and different electrode arrangements including (Al-Fe-Al-Fe), (Fe-Al-Fe-Al), (Al-Al-Al-Al) and (Fe-Fe-Fe-Fe) to investigate the effect of specific flow rates (i.e., 0.05 and 0.1 liters per minute) on the removal efficiency. The findings show that a 0.05 lit/min flow rate produces a higher removal efficiency approximately between 85 to 90% with an energy consumption of between 0.5 to 4.75 KWh/m³ as compared to the 75 to 85% removal efficiency and 0.4 to 4 KWh/m³ energy consumption at a flow rate of 0.1 lit/min. The operational cost is variable and mainly depends upon the energy consumption; moreover, it was found that the optimal results and economy variation shown by the electrode assembly of Al-Fe-Al-Fe was between 20 to 22 Indian rupees at a 24 volt current density and in each combination of electrodes.
- electrocoagulation process,
- sand bed filter,
- activated carbon,
- continuous mode,
- greywater
Citation: Prajakta Waghe, Khalid Ansari, Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Tripti Gupta, Aniket Pathade, Charuta Waghmare. Treatment of greywater by Electrocoagulation process coupled with sand bed filter and activated carbon adsorption process in continuous mode[J]. AIMS Environmental Science, 2024, 11(1): 57-74. doi: 10.3934/environsci.2024004

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Abstract

Worldwide population growth and consumerism have elevated the water pollution problem to the top of the environmental priority list, with severe consequences for public health, particularly in agricultural countries such as India, where water scarcity is a big challenge. Hence, greywater has the potential to be one of the most sustainable options to meet the growing need for freshwater with satisfying treatment options. This study focused on the assessment of electrocoagulation coupled with the filtration and adsorption processes in continuous modes and different electrode arrangements including (Al-Fe-Al-Fe), (Fe-Al-Fe-Al), (Al-Al-Al-Al) and (Fe-Fe-Fe-Fe) to investigate the effect of specific flow rates (i.e., 0.05 and 0.1 liters per minute) on the removal efficiency. The findings show that a 0.05 lit/min flow rate produces a higher removal efficiency approximately between 85 to 90% with an energy consumption of between 0.5 to 4.75 KWh/m³ as compared to the 75 to 85% removal efficiency and 0.4 to 4 KWh/m³ energy consumption at a flow rate of 0.1 lit/min. The operational cost is variable and mainly depends upon the energy consumption; moreover, it was found that the optimal results and economy variation shown by the electrode assembly of Al-Fe-Al-Fe was between 20 to 22 Indian rupees at a 24 volt current density and in each combination of electrodes.

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