The escalating annual increase in carbon emissions has posed a significant threat to the environment and human life. In recent years, numerous countries have implemented carbon trading schemes to combat climate change, encourage global cooperation, and promote reductions in emissions. Here, we aimed to explore and delve into the evolving landscape of carbon trading research through in-depth bibliometric and content analysis methods, identifying promising avenues for future research. We identified and retrieved publications on carbon trading and offset from 1993 to 2023 from the Scopus database. By examining 1, 994 articles indexed with the keywords ‘carbon trading’ or ‘carbon offsets, ’ this study offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working to mitigate climate change. Our findings revealed four primary clusters: Cluster 1 entailed carbon management and climate change mitigation, cluster 2 entailed innovations and policies in carbon management and sustainable energy, cluster 3 was related to policies related to carbon trading and markets, and cluster 4 was related to integrated energy systems, carbon trading mechanisms, and strategies for achieving a low-carbon economy. Globally, China stands out as a dominant contributor in carbon trading research, followed by the USA, UK, Australia, and Canada. Moreover, Indonesia (as the authors’ country) demonstrates increasing involvement, evidenced by 19 publications and collaborations with 12 countries. These findings underscore the need for further, more in-depth research to identify the most effective carbon trading mechanisms specific to Indonesia’s unique context. Thematic evolution analysis revealed that carbon sequestration and neutrality were prominent research topics in 2023. A new topic that has emerged is carbon trading policy, which indicates that much research on carbon trading is needed to regulate this matter.
Citation: Arief Heru Kuncoro, Afri Dwijatmiko, Noer’aida, Vetri Nurliyanti, Agus Sugiyono, Widhiatmaka, Andri Subandriya, Nurry Widya Hesty, Cuk Supriyadi Ali Nandar, Irhan Febijanto, La Ode Muhammad Abdul Wahid, Paul Butarbutar. Mapping the landscape of carbon trading & carbon offset research: A global and Indonesian perspective[J]. AIMS Energy, 2025, 13(1): 86-124. doi: 10.3934/energy.2025004
The escalating annual increase in carbon emissions has posed a significant threat to the environment and human life. In recent years, numerous countries have implemented carbon trading schemes to combat climate change, encourage global cooperation, and promote reductions in emissions. Here, we aimed to explore and delve into the evolving landscape of carbon trading research through in-depth bibliometric and content analysis methods, identifying promising avenues for future research. We identified and retrieved publications on carbon trading and offset from 1993 to 2023 from the Scopus database. By examining 1, 994 articles indexed with the keywords ‘carbon trading’ or ‘carbon offsets, ’ this study offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working to mitigate climate change. Our findings revealed four primary clusters: Cluster 1 entailed carbon management and climate change mitigation, cluster 2 entailed innovations and policies in carbon management and sustainable energy, cluster 3 was related to policies related to carbon trading and markets, and cluster 4 was related to integrated energy systems, carbon trading mechanisms, and strategies for achieving a low-carbon economy. Globally, China stands out as a dominant contributor in carbon trading research, followed by the USA, UK, Australia, and Canada. Moreover, Indonesia (as the authors’ country) demonstrates increasing involvement, evidenced by 19 publications and collaborations with 12 countries. These findings underscore the need for further, more in-depth research to identify the most effective carbon trading mechanisms specific to Indonesia’s unique context. Thematic evolution analysis revealed that carbon sequestration and neutrality were prominent research topics in 2023. A new topic that has emerged is carbon trading policy, which indicates that much research on carbon trading is needed to regulate this matter.
| [1] |
Khaqqi KN, Sikorski JJ, Hadinoto K, et al. (2018) Incorporating seller/buyer reputation-based system in blockchain-enabled emission trading application. Appl Energy 209: 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.070 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.070
|
| [2] |
Wu D, Yang Y (2020) The low-carbon supply chain coordination problem with consumers’ low-carbon preference. Sustainability 12: 3591. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093591 doi: 10.3390/su12093591
|
| [3] |
Wang R, Wen X, Wang X, et al. (2022) Low carbon optimal operation of integrated energy system based on carbon capture technology, LCA carbon emissions and ladder-type carbon trading. Appl Energy 311: 118664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118664 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118664
|
| [4] |
Zhang YJ, Sun YF (2016) The dynamic volatility spillover between European carbon trading market and fossil energy market. J Clean Prod 112: 2654–2663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.118. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.118
|
| [5] |
Liu LL, Feng TT, Kong JJ (2023) Can carbon trading policy and local public expenditures synergize to promote carbon emission reduction in the power industry? Resour Conserv Recycl 188: 106659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106659 doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106659
|
| [6] |
Chen P, He Y, Yue K, et al. (2023) Can carbon trading promote low-carbon transformation of high energy consumption enterprises?—The case of China. Energies (Basel) 16: 3438. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083438 doi: 10.3390/en16083438
|
| [7] |
Gao M (2023) The impacts of carbon trading policy on China’s low-carbon economy based on county-level perspectives. Energy Policy 175: 113494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113494 doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113494
|
| [8] |
Duan Y, He C, Yao L, et al. (2023) Research on risk measurement of China’s carbon trading market. Energies 16: 7879. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237879 doi: 10.3390/en16237879
|
| [9] |
Minas S (2022) Market making for the planet: The Paris Agreement Article 6 decisions and transnational carbon markets. Transnational Legal Theory 13: 287–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/20414005.2023.2174690 doi: 10.1080/20414005.2023.2174690
|
| [10] |
Aboagye EM, Zeng C, Owusu G, et al. (2023) A review contribution to emission trading schemes and low carbon growth. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30: 74575–74597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27673-z doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27673-z
|
| [11] |
Foramitti J, Savin I, van den Bergh JCJM (2021) Emission tax vs. permit trading under bounded rationality and dynamic markets. Energy Policy 148: 112009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112009 doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112009
|
| [12] |
Foramitti J, Savin I, van den Bergh JCJM (2021) Regulation at the source? Comparing upstream and downstream climate policies. Technol Forecast Soc Change 172: 121060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121060 doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121060
|
| [13] |
Shen J, Zhao C (2022) Carbon trading or carbon tax? A computable general equilibrium-based study of carbon emission reduction policy in China. Front Energy Res, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.906847 doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2022.906847
|
| [14] |
Zhang YJ, Wei YM (2010) An overview of current research on EU ETS: Evidence from its operating mechanism and economic effect. Appl Energy 87: 1804–1814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.12.019 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.12.019
|
| [15] |
Bruninx K, Ovaere M, Delarue E (2020) The long-term impact of the market stability reserve on the EU emission trading system. Energy Econ 89: 104746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104746 doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104746
|
| [16] |
Holliman A, Collins K (2023) California’s cap-and-trade program: Is it effective in advancing social, economic, and environmental equity? Public Adm Policy 26: 128–141. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-06-2022-0069 doi: 10.1108/PAP-06-2022-0069
|
| [17] |
Tang R, Guo W, Oudenes M, et al. (2018) Key challenges for the establishment of the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system in China’s national carbon emissions trading market. Climate Policy 18: 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1454882 doi: 10.1080/14693062.2018.1454882
|
| [18] |
Sun Y, Zhang H, Lin Q, et al. (2024) Exploring the international research landscape of blue carbon: Based on scientometrics analysis. Ocean Coast Manage 252: 107106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107106 doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107106
|
| [19] |
Tang YE, Fan R, Cai AZ, et al. (2023) Rethinking personal carbon trading (PCT) mechanism: A comprehensive review. J Environ Manage 344: 118478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118478 doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118478
|
| [20] | Xiaotian CHEN, Ning WANG (2023) Hotspots analysis and prospect of carbon neutrality research. World Regional Stud 32: 148–159. |
| [21] |
Mashari DPS, Zagloel TYM, Soesilo TEB, et al. (2023) A bibliometric and literature review: Alignment of green finance and carbon trading. Sustainability 15: 7877. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107877 doi: 10.3390/su15107877
|
| [22] |
Wang H, Fujita T (2023) A review of research on embodied carbon in international trade. Sustainability 15: 7879. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107879 doi: 10.3390/su15107879
|
| [23] |
Song Y, Liu T, Li Y, et al. (2022) Paths and policy adjustments for improving carbon-market liquidity in China. Energy Econ 115: 106379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106379 doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106379
|
| [24] | Li C, He R, Shi Y, et al. (2022) Research on carbon trading algorithm model for F-LNG-E heavy truck. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering and Computer Applications (AEECA), Dalian, China, 1291–1297. https://doi.org/10.1109/AEECA55500.2022.9918907 |
| [25] |
Drews S, Savin I, van den Bergh J (2024) A global survey of scientific consensus and controversy on instruments of climate policy. Ecol Econ 218: 108098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.108098 doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.108098
|
| [26] |
Savin I, Drews S, van den Bergh J (2024) Carbon pricing—Perceived strengths, weaknesses and knowledge gaps according to a global expert survey. Environ Res Lett 19: 024014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad1c1c doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad1c1c
|
| [27] |
Pranckutė R (2021) Web of science (WOS) and Scopus: The titans of bibliographic information in today’s academic world. Publications 9: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9010012 doi: 10.3390/publications9010012
|
| [28] |
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372: n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71 doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71
|
| [29] |
Wijaya A, Setiawan NA, Shapiai MI (2023) Mapping research themes and future directions in learning style detection research: A bibliometric and content analysis. Electron J e-Learning 21: 274–285. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.21.4.3097 doi: 10.34190/ejel.21.4.3097
|
| [30] |
van Eck NJ, Waltman L (2010) Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics 84: 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3 doi: 10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
|
| [31] |
Silver WL, Ostertag R, Lugo AE (2000) The potential for carbon sequestration through reforestation of abandoned tropical agricultural and pasture lands. Restor Ecol 8: 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80054.x doi: 10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80054.x
|
| [32] |
MacKerron GJ, Egerton C, Gaskell C, et al. (2009) Willingness to pay for carbon offset certification and co-benefits among (high-)flying young adults in the UK. Energy Policy 37: 1372–1381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.11.023 doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.11.023
|
| [33] |
Zhang Z (2015) Carbon emissions trading in China: The evolution from pilots to a nationwide scheme. Climate Policy 15: S104–S126. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1096231 doi: 10.1080/14693062.2015.1096231
|
| [34] |
Baral A (2004) Trees for carbon sequestration or fossil fuel substitution: The issue of cost vs. carbon benefit. Biomass Bioenergy 27: 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.11.004 doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.11.004
|
| [35] |
Villoria-Sáez P, Tam VWY, Río Merino M del, et al. (2016) Effectiveness of greenhouse-gas emission trading schemes implementation: a review on legislations. J Clean Prod 127: 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.148 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.148
|
| [36] |
Wang H, Chen Z, Wu X, et al. (2019) Can a carbon trading system promote the transformation of a low-carbon economy under the framework of the porter hypothesis?—Empirical analysis based on the PSM-DID method. Energy Policy 129: 930–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.03.007 doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.03.007
|
| [37] |
Wang P, Dai H, Ren S, et al. (2015) Achieving Copenhagen target through carbon emission trading: Economic impacts assessment in Guangdong Province of China. Energy 79: 212–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.009 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.009
|
| [38] |
Lu H, Ma X, Huang K, et al. (2020) Carbon trading volume and price forecasting in China using multiple machine learning models. J Clean Prod 249: 119386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119386 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119386
|
| [39] |
Shrivastava N, Sharma V, Chaklader B (2019) A study to assess impact of carbon credit trading into costs and prices of different goods and services—A study from the airline industry. Int J Global Environ Issues 18: 126. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGENVI.2019.102295 doi: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2019.102295
|
| [40] |
Nguyen DH, Chapman A, Farabi-Asl H (2019) Nation-wide emission trading model for economically feasible carbon reduction in Japan. Appl Energy 255: 113869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113869 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113869
|
| [41] |
Tang K, Liu Y, Zhou D, et al. (2021) Urban carbon emission intensity under emission trading system in a developing economy: evidence from 273 Chinese cities. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28: 5168–5179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10785-1 doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10785-1
|
| [42] |
Pearse R, Böhm S (2014) Ten reasons why carbon markets will not bring about radical emissions reduction. Carbon Manage 5: 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2014.990679 doi: 10.1080/17583004.2014.990679
|
| [43] |
Lin B, Huang C (2022) Analysis of emission reduction effects of carbon trading: Market mechanism or government intervention? Sustainable Prod Consum 33: 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.06.016 doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2022.06.016
|
| [44] |
Yang P, Jiang H, Liu C, et al. (2023) Coordinated optimization scheduling operation of integrated energy system considering demand response and carbon trading mechanism. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 147: 108902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108902 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108902
|
| [45] |
Sun H, Sun X, Kou L, et al. (2023) Optimal scheduling of park-level integrated energy system considering ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and flexible load. Energy Rep 9: 3417–3430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.02.029 doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.02.029
|
| [46] |
Wang Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, et al. (2019) Operation optimization of regional integrated energy system based on the modeling of electricity-thermal-natural gas network. Appl Energy 251: 113410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113410 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113410
|
| [47] |
Luo S, Li Q, Pu Y, et al. (2023) A carbon trading approach for heat-power-hydrogen integrated energy systems based on a Vickrey auction strategy. J Energy Storage 72: 108613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108613 doi: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108613
|
| [48] |
Chen P, Qian C, Lan L, et al. (2023) Shared trading strategy of multiple microgrids considering joint carbon and green certificate mechanism. Sustainability 15: 10287. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310287 doi: 10.3390/su151310287
|
| [49] |
Wang X, Wang J, Tian B, et al. (2018) Economic dispatch of the low-carbon green certificate with wind farms based on fuzzy chance constraints. Energies 11: 943. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040943 doi: 10.3390/en11040943
|
| [50] |
Zhang L, Liu D, Cai G, et al. (2023) An optimal dispatch model for virtual power plant that incorporates carbon trading and green certificate trading. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 144: 108558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108558 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108558
|
| [51] |
Kyriakopoulos GL, Streimikiene D, Baležentis T (2022) Addressing challenges of low-carbon energy transition. Energies 15: 5718. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155718 doi: 10.3390/en15155718
|
| [52] |
Zhang J (2023) Energy Management System: The engine for sustainable development and resource optimization. Highlights Sci Eng Technol 76: 618–624. https://doi.org/10.54097/cvfd9m83 doi: 10.54097/cvfd9m83
|
| [53] |
Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Shan Q, et al. (2023) Towards lower carbon emissions: A distributed energy management strategy-based multi-objective optimization for the seaport integrated energy system. J Mar Sci Eng 11: 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030681 doi: 10.3390/jmse11030681
|
| [54] |
Gong P, Li X (2016) Study on the investment value and investment opportunity of renewable energies under the carbon trading system. Chinese J Popul Res Environ 14: 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2016.1258796 doi: 10.1080/10042857.2016.1258796
|
| [55] |
Bailis R, Wang Y, Drigo R, et al. (2017) Getting the numbers right: Revisiting woodfuel sustainability in the developing world. Environ Res Lett 12. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa83ed doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa83ed
|
| [56] |
Zhang ZX (2015) Crossing the river by feeling the stones: The case of carbon trading in China. Environ Econo Policy Stud 17: 263–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-015-0104-7 doi: 10.1007/s10018-015-0104-7
|
| [57] |
Huang K, Peng L, Wang X, et al. (2023) Incorporating circuit theory, complex networks, and carbon offsets into the multi-objective optimization of ecological networks: A case study on karst regions in China. J Clean Prod 383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135512 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135512
|
| [58] |
Huang H, Zhou J (2022) Study on the spatial and temporal differentiation pattern of carbon emission and carbon compensation in China’s provincial areas. Sustainability 14: 7627. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137627 doi: 10.3390/su14137627
|
| [59] |
Huang B, Xing K, Pullen S, et al. (2020) Exploring carbon neutral potential in urban densification: A precinct perspective and scenario analysis. Sustainability 12: 4814. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12124814 doi: 10.3390/SU12124814
|
| [60] | Government of Indonesia (2022) Enhanced NDC—Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta. |
| [61] |
van den Bergh J, Castro J, Drews S, et al. (2021) Designing an effective climate-policy mix: accounting for instrument synergy. Climate Policy 21: 745–764. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1907276 doi: 10.1080/14693062.2021.1907276
|
| [62] |
Jaenicke J, Wösten H, Budiman A, et al. (2010) Planning hydrological restoration of peatlands in Indonesia to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang 15: 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-010-9214-5 doi: 10.1007/s11027-010-9214-5
|
| [63] |
Gallemore C, Di Gregorio M, Moeliono M, et al. (2015) Transaction costs, power, and multi-level forest governance in Indonesia. Ecol Econ 114: 168–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.024 doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.024
|
| [64] |
Yi ZF, Wong G, Cannon CH, et al. (2014) Can carbon-trading schemes help to protect China’s most diverse forest ecosystems? A case study from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. Land Use Policy 38: 646–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.12.013 doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.12.013
|
| [65] | Pinard MA, Putz FE, Tay J (2000) Lessons learned from the implementation of reduced-impact logging in hilly terrain in Sabah, Malaysia. |
| [66] |
Butarbutar T, Köhl M, Neupane PR (2016) Harvested wood products and REDD+: Looking beyond the forest border. Carbon Balance Manage 11: 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0046-9 doi: 10.1186/s13021-016-0046-9
|
| [67] |
Dally D, Kurhayadi K, Rohayati Y, et al. (2020) Personal carbon trading, carbon-knowledge management and their influence on environmental sustainability in Thailand. Int J Energy Econo Policy 10: 609–616. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10617 doi: 10.32479/ijeep.10617
|
| [68] |
Bukoski JJ, Elwin A, MacKenzie RA, et al. (2020) The role of predictive model data in designing mangrove forest carbon programs. Environ Res Lett 15: 84019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7e4e doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab7e4e
|
| [69] |
Ardi A, Cahyadi H, Sarwono R, et al. (2023) The importance of a chief sustainability officer (CSO) in multinational and state-owned enterprises. J Human Earth Future 4: 303–315. https://doi.org/10.28991/HEF-2023-04-03-04 doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-03-04
|
| [70] |
Tang A, Xu N (2023) The impact of environmental regulation on urban green efficiency—Evidence from carbon pilot. Sustainability 15: 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021136 doi: 10.3390/su15021136
|
| [71] |
Zhang Y, Guo C, Wang L (2020) Supply chain strategy analysis of low carbon subsidy policies based on carbon trading. Sustainability 12: 3532. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12093532 doi: 10.3390/SU12093532
|
| [72] |
Xia Q, Li L, Dong J, et al. (2021) Reduction effect and mechanism analysis of carbon trading policy on carbon emissions from land use. Sustainability 13: 9558. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179558 doi: 10.3390/su13179558
|
| [73] |
Wu S, Qu Y, Huang H, et al. (2022) Carbon emission trading policy and corporate green innovation: Internal incentives or external influences. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30: 31501–31523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24351-4 doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-24351-4
|
| [74] |
Liu LL, Feng TT, Kong JJ (2023) Can carbon trading policy and local public expenditures synergize to promote carbon emission reduction in the power industry? Resour Conserv Recycl 188: 106659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106659 doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106659
|
| [75] | Memari Y, Memari A, Ebrahimnejad S, et al. (20[23) A mathematical model for optimizing a biofuel supply chain with outsourcing decisions under the carbon trading mechanism. Biomass Conv Bioref 13: 1047–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01264-1 |
Figures(16) / Tables(16)
Arief Heru Kuncoro, Afri Dwijatmiko, Noer’aida, Vetri Nurliyanti, Agus Sugiyono, Widhiatmaka, Andri Subandriya, Nurry Widya Hesty, Cuk Supriyadi Ali Nandar, Irhan Febijanto, La Ode Muhammad Abdul Wahid, Paul Butarbutar. Mapping the landscape of carbon trading & carbon offset research: A global and Indonesian perspective[J]. AIMS Energy, 2025, 13(1): 86-124. doi: 10.3934/energy.2025004
DownLoad: