Characterization and optimization of the heat treatment of cashew nutshells to produce a biofuel with a high-energy value

Boua Sidoine KADJO; Mohamed Koïta SAKO; Kouadio Alphonse DIANGO; Amélie DANLOS; Christelle PERILHON; Boua Sidoine KADJO; Mohamed Koïta SAKO; Kouadio Alphonse DIANGO; Amélie DANLOS; Christelle PERILHON

doi:10.3934/energy.2024018

AIMS Energy

2024, Volume 12, Issue 2: 387-407. doi: 10.3934/energy.2024018

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Characterization and optimization of the heat treatment of cashew nutshells to produce a biofuel with a high-energy value

1.
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Sciences des Matériaux, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny, 1093 Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
2.
Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, LIFSE, CNAM, HESAM University, 75013 Paris, France

Received: 27 September 2023 Revised: 13 November 2023 Accepted: 19 November 2023 Published: 04 March 2024

In the context of the fight against climate change and the development of renewable and new energies, the management of cashew nutshells is an issue. The physico-chemical and energetic properties of cashew nutshells show that they are good raw materials that can be used in thermochemical processes. Cashew nutshells were heated to temperatures of 300 ℃, 350 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 40 to 120 minutes to extract the liquid from the cashew nutshells. Biochar yields by mass were 46.5–52.8 wt%, 46.2–35.9 wt% and 37.8–30.3 wt% at temperatures of 300 ℃, 350 ℃ and 400 ℃, respectively. Biochar with high higher heating value and low residual oil content was obtained at a heating temperature of 300 ℃ for a time of 120 min. The biochar obtained under these optimum conditions has a residual oil content of less than 1 wt% and a higher heating value of 32.1 MJ·kg^-1. The other two products, bio-oil and smoke, have higher heating values of 36 MJ·kg^-1 and 10.2 MJ·Nm^-3, respectively. Temperature and heating time improve the energy density and quality of biochar with low residual oil content. Heat treatment is therefore a promising technique for the production of an environmentally friendly and sustainable high energy solid biofuel from cashew nutshells.
- cashew nutshells,
- biochar,
- CNSL,
- gas,
- heat treatment
Citation: Boua Sidoine KADJO, Mohamed Koïta SAKO, Kouadio Alphonse DIANGO, Amélie DANLOS, Christelle PERILHON. Characterization and optimization of the heat treatment of cashew nutshells to produce a biofuel with a high-energy value[J]. AIMS Energy, 2024, 12(2): 387-407. doi: 10.3934/energy.2024018

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Abstract

In the context of the fight against climate change and the development of renewable and new energies, the management of cashew nutshells is an issue. The physico-chemical and energetic properties of cashew nutshells show that they are good raw materials that can be used in thermochemical processes. Cashew nutshells were heated to temperatures of 300 ℃, 350 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 40 to 120 minutes to extract the liquid from the cashew nutshells. Biochar yields by mass were 46.5–52.8 wt%, 46.2–35.9 wt% and 37.8–30.3 wt% at temperatures of 300 ℃, 350 ℃ and 400 ℃, respectively. Biochar with high higher heating value and low residual oil content was obtained at a heating temperature of 300 ℃ for a time of 120 min. The biochar obtained under these optimum conditions has a residual oil content of less than 1 wt% and a higher heating value of 32.1 MJ·kg^-1. The other two products, bio-oil and smoke, have higher heating values of 36 MJ·kg^-1 and 10.2 MJ·Nm^-3, respectively. Temperature and heating time improve the energy density and quality of biochar with low residual oil content. Heat treatment is therefore a promising technique for the production of an environmentally friendly and sustainable high energy solid biofuel from cashew nutshells.

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