Green hydrogen

Peter Majewski; Fatemeh Salehi; Ke Xing; Peter Majewski; Fatemeh Salehi; Ke Xing

doi:10.3934/energy.2023042

AIMS Energy

2023, Volume 11, Issue 5: 878-895. doi: 10.3934/energy.2023042

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Review Special Issues

Green hydrogen

1.
Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
2.
School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
3.
STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

Received: 09 July 2023 Revised: 17 August 2023 Accepted: 28 August 2023 Published: 20 September 2023

Green hydrogen is produced from water and solar, wind, and/or hydro energy via electrolysis and is considered to be a key component for reaching net zero by 2050. While green hydrogen currently represents only a few percent of all produced hydrogen, mainly from fossil fuels, significant investments into scaling up green hydrogen production, reaching some hundreds of billions of dollars, will drastically change this within the next 10 years with the price of green hydrogen being expected to fall from today's US＄ 5 per kg to US＄ 1–2 per kg. The Australian Government announced a two billion Australian dollar fund for the production of green hydrogen, explicitly excluding projects to produce hydrogen from fossil fuels, like methane. This article reviews current perspectives regarding the production of green hydrogen and its carbon footprint, potential major applications of green hydrogen, and policy considerations in regards to guarantee of origin schemes for green hydrogen and hydrogen safety standards.
- green hydrogen,
- production,
- applications,
- guarantee of origin,
- safety standards
Citation: Peter Majewski, Fatemeh Salehi, Ke Xing. Green hydrogen[J]. AIMS Energy, 2023, 11(5): 878-895. doi: 10.3934/energy.2023042

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Abstract

Green hydrogen is produced from water and solar, wind, and/or hydro energy via electrolysis and is considered to be a key component for reaching net zero by 2050. While green hydrogen currently represents only a few percent of all produced hydrogen, mainly from fossil fuels, significant investments into scaling up green hydrogen production, reaching some hundreds of billions of dollars, will drastically change this within the next 10 years with the price of green hydrogen being expected to fall from today's US＄ 5 per kg to US＄ 1–2 per kg. The Australian Government announced a two billion Australian dollar fund for the production of green hydrogen, explicitly excluding projects to produce hydrogen from fossil fuels, like methane. This article reviews current perspectives regarding the production of green hydrogen and its carbon footprint, potential major applications of green hydrogen, and policy considerations in regards to guarantee of origin schemes for green hydrogen and hydrogen safety standards.

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