Bullous pemphigoid autoantibodies

Florentina-Silvia Delli; Elena Sotiriou; Efstratios Vakirlis; Demetrios Ioannides; Florentina-Silvia Delli; Elena Sotiriou; Efstratios Vakirlis; Demetrios Ioannides

doi:10.3934/Allergy.2021019

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

2021, Volume 5, Issue 4: 259-263. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2021019

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Bullous pemphigoid autoantibodies

First Dermatology Department, Aristotle University of Medical School Thessaloniki, Greece

Received: 22 October 2021 Accepted: 22 November 2021 Published: 24 November 2021

Autoimmune blistering skin disorders are rare. According to direct immunofluorescence studies, three categories are described: pemphigus group, pemphigoid group and dermatitis herpetiformis. Among these diseases, bullous pemphigoid is the most common. Patients with typical bullous pemphigoid disease are usually elderly and have many comorbidities. Considering that topical and systemic corticosteroids are the first choice therapy, these patients also have increased morbidity and risk of death. The main characteristic of bullous pemphigoid as an acquired autoimmune blistering disease is the formation of autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal antigens BP180 and BP230. Although IgG autoantibodies predominate within the plasma and skin of BP patients, some features of the disease cannot be explained solely by IgG-mediated mechanisms. Epitope spreading phenomena, immunoglobulin class switch and the relevance of IgM and IgE autoantibodies are discussed in this article.
- bullous pemphigoid,
- autoantibodies,
- autoantigens
Citation: Florentina-Silvia Delli, Elena Sotiriou, Efstratios Vakirlis, Demetrios Ioannides. Bullous pemphigoid autoantibodies[J]. AIMS Allergy and Immunology, 2021, 5(4): 259-263. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2021019

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Abstract

Autoimmune blistering skin disorders are rare. According to direct immunofluorescence studies, three categories are described: pemphigus group, pemphigoid group and dermatitis herpetiformis. Among these diseases, bullous pemphigoid is the most common. Patients with typical bullous pemphigoid disease are usually elderly and have many comorbidities. Considering that topical and systemic corticosteroids are the first choice therapy, these patients also have increased morbidity and risk of death. The main characteristic of bullous pemphigoid as an acquired autoimmune blistering disease is the formation of autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal antigens BP180 and BP230. Although IgG autoantibodies predominate within the plasma and skin of BP patients, some features of the disease cannot be explained solely by IgG-mediated mechanisms. Epitope spreading phenomena, immunoglobulin class switch and the relevance of IgM and IgE autoantibodies are discussed in this article.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this paper.

References

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