Sustainable green chemical synthesis of discrete, well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with bacteriostatic properties from carrot extracts aided by polyvinylpyrrolidone

Purabi R. Ghosh; Derek Fawcett; Michael Platten; Shashi B. Sharma; John Fosu-Nyarko; Gerrard E. J. Poinern; Purabi R. Ghosh; Derek Fawcett; Michael Platten; Shashi B. Sharma; John Fosu-Nyarko; Gerrard E. J. Poinern

doi:10.3934/matersci.2020.3.269

AIMS Materials Science

2020, Volume 7, Issue 3: 269-287. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2020.3.269

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Sustainable green chemical synthesis of discrete, well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with bacteriostatic properties from carrot extracts aided by polyvinylpyrrolidone

1.
Murdoch Applied Nanotechnology Research Group, Department of Physics, Energy Studies and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
2.
Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, 3 Baron Hay Court, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia
3.
Plant Biotechnology Research Group, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia

Received: 12 February 2020 Accepted: 21 May 2020 Published: 01 June 2020

Large amounts of food products are disposed of around the world because they are below market standards. In Australia, low value, non-marketable carrots (Daucus carota) are ploughed into farmlands as green manure or are treated as waste. In recent years significant research interest has focused on developing waste valorisation strategies using new green chemistry-based sustainable processes. More importantly, strategies that also provide solutions for emerging challenges like the rising reports of resistance of bacteria to existing microbes are favourable. This study explored a facile synthesis process to reduce aqueous silver ions in aqueous carrot extracts to form silver nanoparticles that may have antibacterial properties. The synthesis process produced particles with surface plasmon resonance peaks typical of crystalline silver. The silver nanoparticles produced from pure carrot extracts were spherical and pseudo-spherical, 2 to 25 nm wide. However, with polyvinylpyrrolidone, much wider (10-50 nm), well-dispersed silver nanoparticles of various shapes including spherical, polygonal, rod-like and triangular types were produced. Several biomolecules which may act as reducing and capping agents for the process were identified; they included ascorbic, gallic and chlorogenic acids. The Ag nanoparticles produced significant zones of inhibition against the gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. epidermidis, indicating they had bacteriostatic properties. The study demonstrates that producing Ag nanoparticles with antibiotic properties from carrots is a good valorisation strategy because other uses for rejected carrot produce such as application as green manure may not be interrupted.
- green chemistry,
- silver nanoparticles,
- sustainability,
- antibacterial,
- carrot extracts
Citation: Purabi R. Ghosh, Derek Fawcett, Michael Platten, Shashi B. Sharma, John Fosu-Nyarko, Gerrard E. J. Poinern. Sustainable green chemical synthesis of discrete, well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with bacteriostatic properties from carrot extracts aided by polyvinylpyrrolidone[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2020, 7(3): 269-287. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2020.3.269

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Abstract

Large amounts of food products are disposed of around the world because they are below market standards. In Australia, low value, non-marketable carrots (Daucus carota) are ploughed into farmlands as green manure or are treated as waste. In recent years significant research interest has focused on developing waste valorisation strategies using new green chemistry-based sustainable processes. More importantly, strategies that also provide solutions for emerging challenges like the rising reports of resistance of bacteria to existing microbes are favourable. This study explored a facile synthesis process to reduce aqueous silver ions in aqueous carrot extracts to form silver nanoparticles that may have antibacterial properties. The synthesis process produced particles with surface plasmon resonance peaks typical of crystalline silver. The silver nanoparticles produced from pure carrot extracts were spherical and pseudo-spherical, 2 to 25 nm wide. However, with polyvinylpyrrolidone, much wider (10-50 nm), well-dispersed silver nanoparticles of various shapes including spherical, polygonal, rod-like and triangular types were produced. Several biomolecules which may act as reducing and capping agents for the process were identified; they included ascorbic, gallic and chlorogenic acids. The Ag nanoparticles produced significant zones of inhibition against the gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. epidermidis, indicating they had bacteriostatic properties. The study demonstrates that producing Ag nanoparticles with antibiotic properties from carrots is a good valorisation strategy because other uses for rejected carrot produce such as application as green manure may not be interrupted.

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