Production of thin copper oxide films and its electronic density

Kulpash Iskakova; Rif Akhmaltdinov; Orken Mamyrbayev; Kulpash Iskakova; Rif Akhmaltdinov; Orken Mamyrbayev

doi:10.3934/matersci.2019.3.454

AIMS Materials Science

2019, Volume 6, Issue 3: 454-463. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2019.3.454

Previous Article Next Article

Research article Topical Sections

Production of thin copper oxide films and its electronic density

1.
Department of Physics and Mathematics, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2.
Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Received: 03 March 2019 Accepted: 28 May 2019 Published: 06 June 2019

The purpose of this work is to determine the mechanism for the formation of copper(II) oxide in a neutral medium under conditions of polarization of the copper electrode with alternating current to obtain a copper oxide powder of the desired dispersion. The anodic behavior of copper was investigated in potassium sulfate solutions. As a result of the research, the mechanism of electro-oxidation-reduction of copper was established and it was shown that the potential scan rate and the electrolyte temperature had an effective impact on the ionization process of copper. The results of potentiodynamic studies were used to obtain copper(II) oxide by alternating current electrolysis. Electrolysis was performed using titanium wire and plate copper electrodes. The resulting copper oxide was investigated by X-ray phase analysis. As a result of the research, a mathematical model of copper(II) oxide current efficiency was obtained. This result is compared with the electron density of copper oxide calculated on the basis of the solution of the Schrödinger equation, which was considered in our earlier published papers. The use of copper oxide as a photocell is associated with its chemical properties. The efficiency of a copper oxide-based photocell is directly dependent on the quality of the maintenance of the structural units, including impurities. By the method described in this work, copper oxide was obtained with 62% copper and 32% oxygen. The resulting copper oxide allows it to be used as a photocell with a higher efficiency. This paper describes a method of producing copper oxide in its pure form, suitable for widespread use in industry, which would increase the production of photovoltaic cells based on copper oxide to the required volumes. The ratio of the structural units of a thin copper oxide film obtained in the microelement analysis and the calculated electronic density in the reciprocal space are 0.5.
- copper,
- oxide,
- semiconductor,
- photocell,
- thin film,
- technology,
- electrolysis,
- electronic density
Citation: Kulpash Iskakova, Rif Akhmaltdinov, Orken Mamyrbayev. Production of thin copper oxide films and its electronic density[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2019, 6(3): 454-463. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2019.3.454

Related Papers:

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to determine the mechanism for the formation of copper(II) oxide in a neutral medium under conditions of polarization of the copper electrode with alternating current to obtain a copper oxide powder of the desired dispersion. The anodic behavior of copper was investigated in potassium sulfate solutions. As a result of the research, the mechanism of electro-oxidation-reduction of copper was established and it was shown that the potential scan rate and the electrolyte temperature had an effective impact on the ionization process of copper. The results of potentiodynamic studies were used to obtain copper(II) oxide by alternating current electrolysis. Electrolysis was performed using titanium wire and plate copper electrodes. The resulting copper oxide was investigated by X-ray phase analysis. As a result of the research, a mathematical model of copper(II) oxide current efficiency was obtained. This result is compared with the electron density of copper oxide calculated on the basis of the solution of the Schrödinger equation, which was considered in our earlier published papers. The use of copper oxide as a photocell is associated with its chemical properties. The efficiency of a copper oxide-based photocell is directly dependent on the quality of the maintenance of the structural units, including impurities. By the method described in this work, copper oxide was obtained with 62% copper and 32% oxygen. The resulting copper oxide allows it to be used as a photocell with a higher efficiency. This paper describes a method of producing copper oxide in its pure form, suitable for widespread use in industry, which would increase the production of photovoltaic cells based on copper oxide to the required volumes. The ratio of the structural units of a thin copper oxide film obtained in the microelement analysis and the calculated electronic density in the reciprocal space are 0.5.

References

[1]	Baumeister PW (1961) Optical absorption of cuprous oxide. Phys Rev 121: 359–362. doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.121.359
[2]	Besenbacher F, Nørskov JK (1993) Oxygen chemisorption on metal surfaces: General trends for Cu, Ni and Ag. Prog Surf Sci 44: 5–66. doi: 10.1016/0079-6816(93)90006-H
[3]	Berge K, Goldmann A (2003) Electronic interchain interactions of the Cu(110)(2 × 1)O surface-an angle-resolved photoemission study. Surf Sci 540: 97–106. doi: 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00778-7
[4]	Bessekhouad Y, Robert D, Weber JV (2005) Photocatalytic activity of Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions. Catal Today 101: 315–321. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.038
[5]	Blanchard NP, Martin DS, Weightman P (2005) Molecular adsorbate induced restructuring of a stepped Cu(110) surface. Phys Status Solidi C 12: 4017–4021.
[6]	Islam MM, Diawara B, Maurice V, et al. (2009) Bulk and surface properties of Cu₂O: A first-principles investigation. J Mol Struc-THEOCHEM 903: 41–48. doi: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.02.037
[7]	Islam MM, Diawara B, Maurice V, et al. (2009) First principles investigation on the stabilization mechanisms of the polar copper terminated Cu₂O(111) surface. Surf Sci 603: 2087–2095. doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2009.04.005
[8]	Galeotti M, Cortigiani B, Torrini M, et al. (1996) Epitaxy and structure of the chloride phase formed by reaction of chlorine with Cu(100). A study by X-ray photoelectron diffraction. Surf Sci 349: L164–L168.
[9]	Forster M, Raval R, Hodgson A, et al. (2011) c(2 × 2) water-hydroxyl layer on Cu(110): a wetting layer stabilized by Bjerrum defects. Phys Rev Lett 106: 046103. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.046103
[10]	Ikeda S, Takata T, Kondo T, et al. (1998) Mechano-catalytic overall water splitting. Chem Commun 2185–2186.
[11]	Bobrov K, Guillemot L (2008) Interplay between adsorbate-induced reconstruction and local strain: Formation of phases on the Cu(110)–(2 × 1):O surface. Phys Rev B 78: 121408(R).
[12]
[13]	12. Bohnen KP, Heid R, Pintschovius L, et al. (2009) Ab initio lattice dynamics and thermal expansion of Cu₂O. Phys Rev B 80: 304. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.134304
[14]	13. Fornasini P, Dalba G, Grisenti R, et al. (2006) Local behaviour of negative thermal expansion materials. Nucl Instrum Meth B 246: 180–183. doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.062
[15]	14. Hu JP, Payne DJ, Egdell RG, et al. (2008) On-site interband excitations in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering from Cu₂O. Phys Rev B 77: 115. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.155115
[16]	15. Coulman DJ, Wintterlin J, Behm RJ, et al. (1990) Novel mechanism for the formation of chemisorption phases: The (2 × 1)O–Cu(110) "added row" reconstruction. Phys Rev Lett 64: 1761–1764. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.1761
[17]	16. Cox DF, Schulz KH (1991) Interaction of CO with Cu⁺ cations: CO adsorption on Cu₂O(100). Surf Sci 249: 138–148. doi: 10.1016/0039-6028(91)90839-K
[18]	17. Harrison MJ, Woodruff DP, Robinson J, et al. (2006) Adsorbate-induced surface reconstruction and surface-stress changes in Cu(100)/O: Experiment and theory. Phys Rev B 74: 165402. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165402
[19]	18. Haugsrud R, Kofstad P (7) On the oxygen pressure dependence of high temperature oxidation of copper. Mater Sci Forum 251–254: 65–72.
[20]	19. Haugsrud R (2) The influence of water vapor on the oxidation of copper at intermediate temperatures. J Electrochem Soc 149: B14–B21. doi: 10.1149/1.1427076
[21]	20. Haugsrud R, Norby T (1999) Determination of thermodynamics and kinetics of point defects in Cu₂O using the Rosenburg method. J Electrochem Soc 146: 999–1004. doi: 10.1149/1.1391712
[22]	21. Ho JH, Vook RW (1978) (111)Cu₂O growth modes on (111)Cu surfaces. J Cryst Growth 44: 561–569. doi: 10.1016/0022-0248(78)90299-3
[23]	22. Ito T, Yamaguchi H, Okabe K, et al. (1998) Single-crystal growth and characterization of Cu₂O and CuO. J Mater Sci 33: 3555–3566. doi: 10.1023/A:1004690809547
[24]	23. Ivanda M, Waasmaier D, Endriss A, et al. (1997) Low-temperature anomalies of cuprite observed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. J Raman Spectrosc 28: 487–493. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199707)28:7<487::AID-JRS115>3.0.CO;2-V
[25]	24. Brandstetter T, Draxler M, Hohage M, et al. (2008) Oxygen-induced restructuring of Cu(19 19 1) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Rev B 78: 075402. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.075402
[26]	25. Cruickshank BJ, Sneddon DD, Gewirth AA (1993) In situ observations of oxygen adsorption on a Cu(100) substrate using atomic force microscopy. Surf Sci 281: L308–L314. doi: 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90845-B
[27]	26. Dapiaggi M, Tiano W, Artioli G, et al. (2003) The thermal behaviour of cuprite: An XRD–EXAFS combined approach. Nucl Instrum Meth B 200: 231–236. doi: 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01682-8
[28]	27. Hara M, Kondo T, Komoda M, et al. (1998) Cu₂O as a photocatalyst for overall water splitting under visible light irradiation. Chem Commun 357–358.
[29]	28. Brattain WH (1951) The copper oxide rectifier. Rev Mod Phys 23: 203–212. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.23.203
[30]	29. De Jongh PE, Vanmaekelbergh D, Kelly JJ (1999) Cu₂O: a catalyst for the photochemical decomposition of water? Chem Commun 1069–1070.
[31]	30. Hodgson A, Haq S (2009) Water adsorption and the wetting of metal surfaces. Surf Sci Rep 64: 381–451. doi: 10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.07.001
[32]	31. Iskakova K, Akhmaltdinov R, Kuketaev T (2018) Formation of (Cu)_n & (Cu₂O)_n nanostructures with the stability of their clusters. AIMS Mater Sci 5: 543–550. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2018.3.543
[33]	32. Iskakova K, Akhmaltdinov R, Aliyev B (2018) Interspheral space and properties of mono- and divalent metals with FCC and BCC structures. J Comput Theor Nanos 15: 1384–1394. doi: 10.1166/jctn.2018.7245
[34]	33. Akhmaltdinov R (2012) Modeling of the crystal structure growth process of GaAs. Appl Phys A-Mater 109: 857–864. doi: 10.1007/s00339-012-7364-x
[35]	34. Akhmaltdinov RF (2012) Modeling and calculation of the algorithm structure of compound semiconductor-type A³B⁵. Appl Mech Mater 110–116: 2854–2858.

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2019 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)