Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sequential culture in a continuous flow reactor

Noelia M. Elía; Sue E Nokes; Michael D. Flythe; Noelia M. Elía; Sue E Nokes; Michael D. Flythe

doi:10.3934/energy.2016.1.95

AIMS Energy

2016, Volume 4, Issue 1: 95-103. doi: 10.3934/energy.2016.1.95

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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sequential culture in a continuous flow reactor

1.
University of Kentucky, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
2.
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
3.
University of Kentucky, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Received: 23 August 2015 Accepted: 07 January 2016 Published: 19 January 2016

The study was conducted to evaluate fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum and C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum in a continuous-flow, high-solids reactor. Liquid medium was continuously flowed through switchgrass (2 mm particle size) at one of three flow rates: 83.33 mL h⁻¹ (2 L d⁻¹), 41.66 mL h⁻¹(1 L d⁻¹), and 20.833 mL h⁻¹(0.5 L d⁻¹). The cellulolytic phase was initiated by culturing C. thermocellum (63 °C, 24 h). The temperature was decreased (35) and C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum was inoculated. When metabolism decreased (96 h), the temperature was increased (63 °C; 24 h) to permit cellulosome production by C. thermocellum. The C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum was re-inoculated and the temperature returned to 35°C. The average gross production over 9 d was 1480 mg total acids (formic, acetic lactic butyric), 207 mg total solvents (acetone, butanol, ethanol), and average dry matter disappearance was 2.8 g from 25 g non-pretreated switchgrass. There was no effect of flow rate on the product formation. These results indicate that C. thermocellum can survive and produce cellulases with C. saccharoperbutylacetonicumin a continuous-flow, high-solids reactor temperature with temperature cycling.
- Continuous product removal,
- co-culture,
- consolidated bioprocessing,
- switchgrass,
- bioenergy
Citation: Noelia M. Elía, Sue E Nokes, Michael D. Flythe. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sequential culture in a continuous flow reactor[J]. AIMS Energy, 2016, 4(1): 95-103. doi: 10.3934/energy.2016.1.95

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Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum and C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum in a continuous-flow, high-solids reactor. Liquid medium was continuously flowed through switchgrass (2 mm particle size) at one of three flow rates: 83.33 mL h⁻¹ (2 L d⁻¹), 41.66 mL h⁻¹(1 L d⁻¹), and 20.833 mL h⁻¹(0.5 L d⁻¹). The cellulolytic phase was initiated by culturing C. thermocellum (63 °C, 24 h). The temperature was decreased (35) and C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum was inoculated. When metabolism decreased (96 h), the temperature was increased (63 °C; 24 h) to permit cellulosome production by C. thermocellum. The C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum was re-inoculated and the temperature returned to 35°C. The average gross production over 9 d was 1480 mg total acids (formic, acetic lactic butyric), 207 mg total solvents (acetone, butanol, ethanol), and average dry matter disappearance was 2.8 g from 25 g non-pretreated switchgrass. There was no effect of flow rate on the product formation. These results indicate that C. thermocellum can survive and produce cellulases with C. saccharoperbutylacetonicumin a continuous-flow, high-solids reactor temperature with temperature cycling.

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