Diarrheal disease and associated behavioural factors among food handlers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Aderajew Mekonnen Girmay; Sirak Robele Gari; Bezatu Mengistie Alemu; Martin R. Evans; Azage Gebreyohannes Gebremariam; Aderajew Mekonnen Girmay; Sirak Robele Gari; Bezatu Mengistie Alemu; Martin R. Evans; Azage Gebreyohannes Gebremariam

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2020010

AIMS Public Health

2020, Volume 7, Issue 1: 100-113. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020010

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Research article

Diarrheal disease and associated behavioural factors among food handlers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

1.
Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2.
College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
3.
Microbiology Consultant and Laboratory Director, New York, USA

Received: 10 December 2019 Accepted: 04 February 2020 Published: 18 February 2020

Introduction: Diarrheal diseases are threat everywhere, but its frequency and impact are more severe in developing countries. Diarrhea occurs world-wide and causes 4% of all deaths and 5% of health loss to disability. In 2016, it was the eighth leading cause of mortality. Moreover, data from the World Health Organization indicated that diarrheal diseases are causes for an estimated 2 million deaths annually. Therefore, this study aimed to assess diarrheal diseases and associated behavioural factors. Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select 1050 study participants. Participants were interviewed using structured questionnaire. To analysis the data, binary logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: The two weeks prevalence of diarrhea was found to be 3.4%. Further, 1.6%, 10.5%, 10.7% and 9% of the food handlers had acute watery diarrhea, cough, an infection of runny nose and incidence of any fever respectively. Regular hand washing after toilet (AOR = 0.13 with 95% CI: 0.024, 0.72), using toilet while wearing protective clothes/gown (AOR = 5.39 with 95% CI; 1.59, 18.32), habit of eating raw beef and raw vegetables (AOR = 6.27 with 95% CI: 1.89–20.78), type of toilet (AOR = 4.07 with 95% CI: 0.29–6.67 were associated significantly with diarrhea. Conclusion: This assessment proved to be an essential activity for reduction of community diarrheal diseases, as a significant number of food handlers had diarrhea. Good sanitation, hygiene practice and a healthy lifestyle behavior can prevent diarrhea. A strong political commitment with appropriate budgetary allocation is essential for the control of diarrheal diseases.
- diarrheal disease,
- food handler,
- behavioural factor,
- Addis Ababa,
- Ethiopia
Citation: Aderajew Mekonnen Girmay, Sirak Robele Gari, Bezatu Mengistie Alemu, Martin R. Evans, Azage Gebreyohannes Gebremariam. Diarrheal disease and associated behavioural factors among food handlers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2020, 7(1): 100-113. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020010

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Abstract

Introduction: Diarrheal diseases are threat everywhere, but its frequency and impact are more severe in developing countries. Diarrhea occurs world-wide and causes 4% of all deaths and 5% of health loss to disability. In 2016, it was the eighth leading cause of mortality. Moreover, data from the World Health Organization indicated that diarrheal diseases are causes for an estimated 2 million deaths annually. Therefore, this study aimed to assess diarrheal diseases and associated behavioural factors. Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select 1050 study participants. Participants were interviewed using structured questionnaire. To analysis the data, binary logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: The two weeks prevalence of diarrhea was found to be 3.4%. Further, 1.6%, 10.5%, 10.7% and 9% of the food handlers had acute watery diarrhea, cough, an infection of runny nose and incidence of any fever respectively. Regular hand washing after toilet (AOR = 0.13 with 95% CI: 0.024, 0.72), using toilet while wearing protective clothes/gown (AOR = 5.39 with 95% CI; 1.59, 18.32), habit of eating raw beef and raw vegetables (AOR = 6.27 with 95% CI: 1.89–20.78), type of toilet (AOR = 4.07 with 95% CI: 0.29–6.67 were associated significantly with diarrhea. Conclusion: This assessment proved to be an essential activity for reduction of community diarrheal diseases, as a significant number of food handlers had diarrhea. Good sanitation, hygiene practice and a healthy lifestyle behavior can prevent diarrhea. A strong political commitment with appropriate budgetary allocation is essential for the control of diarrheal diseases.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University for providing Financial Support. In addition, the authors like to express gratitude to the data collectors, supervisors and study participants.
Funding: Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University was the funder to this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish and interpretation of the data or preparation of the manuscript for publication.
Authors Contributions: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis ,Validation and Visualization, Writing-review & editing and approving: Aderajew Mekonnen, Sirak Robele, Bezatu Mengistie, Martin Evans, Azage Gebreyohannes.
Funding acquisition: Aderajew Mekonnen; Writing original draft: Aderajew Mekonnen

Conflict of interest

All authors declare no conflict of interest in this paper.

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