Possible existence of a system similar to bacterial restriction–modification in plants

Larisa I. Fedoreyeva; Boris F. Vanyushin; Larisa I. Fedoreyeva; Boris F. Vanyushin

doi:10.3934/molsci.2020020

AIMS Molecular Science

2020, Volume 7, Issue 4: 396-413. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2020020

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Research article

Possible existence of a system similar to bacterial restriction–modification in plants

Larisa I. Fedoreyeva ^{1
,
,},
Boris F. Vanyushin ^1,2

1.
All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology RAS, 127550 Moscow, Timiryazevskaya 42, Russia
2.
A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory1, building 40, Russia

Received: 11 November 2020 Accepted: 17 December 2020 Published: 22 December 2020

The bacterial restriction–modification (R-M) system has evolved as a defense mechanism against infectious phages and other types of integration of foreign DNA fragments into the host chromosome through recombination. In this study, we identified two endonucleases (wheat endonuclease 1-WEN1 and wheat endonuclease 2-WEN2) and the adenine-DNA methyltransferase WAD (involved in mitochondrial DNA methylation) in the vesicular fraction of coleoptiles of wheat Triticum aestivum. WEN1 and WEN2 have multidirectional sensitivity to DNA methylation and to the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and Ca²⁺ ions, which suggests their participation in the protection of mitochondrial DNA, similar to bacterial DNA. WEN2 has a GAT recognition site, which is part of the methylation site of adenine DNA methyltransferase (WAD-TGATCA) and hydrolyzes the CG (GC) bond upstream of the recognition site only if it is not methylated. Based on the interrelations between the two enzymes, we propose that an R-M system similar to that of the type IV observed in bacteria may exist in plants.
- endonuclease,
- WEN1,
- WEN2,
- adenine DNA methyltransferase,
- WAD,
- restriction–modification system,
- Triticum aestivum
Citation: Larisa I. Fedoreyeva, Boris F. Vanyushin. Possible existence of a system similar to bacterial restriction–modification in plants[J]. AIMS Molecular Science, 2020, 7(4): 396-413. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2020020

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Abstract

The bacterial restriction–modification (R-M) system has evolved as a defense mechanism against infectious phages and other types of integration of foreign DNA fragments into the host chromosome through recombination. In this study, we identified two endonucleases (wheat endonuclease 1-WEN1 and wheat endonuclease 2-WEN2) and the adenine-DNA methyltransferase WAD (involved in mitochondrial DNA methylation) in the vesicular fraction of coleoptiles of wheat Triticum aestivum. WEN1 and WEN2 have multidirectional sensitivity to DNA methylation and to the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and Ca²⁺ ions, which suggests their participation in the protection of mitochondrial DNA, similar to bacterial DNA. WEN2 has a GAT recognition site, which is part of the methylation site of adenine DNA methyltransferase (WAD-TGATCA) and hydrolyzes the CG (GC) bond upstream of the recognition site only if it is not methylated. Based on the interrelations between the two enzymes, we propose that an R-M system similar to that of the type IV observed in bacteria may exist in plants.

Funding

The study performed in the framework of the Russian state assignment AAA-A1170912-8 and RFFI № 18-016-00150.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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