Promising Gene Therapeutics for Salivary Gland Radiotoxicity

Renjith Parameswaran Nair; Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy; Renjith Parameswaran Nair; Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy

doi:10.3934/medsci.2016.4.329

AIMS Medical Science

2016, Volume 3, Issue 4: 329-344. doi: 10.3934/medsci.2016.4.329

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Review

Promising Gene Therapeutics for Salivary Gland Radiotoxicity

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, United States of America

Received: 28 August 2016 Accepted: 14 November 2016 Published: 29 November 2016

More than 0.5 million new cases of head and neck cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, and approximately 75% of them are treated with radiation alone or in combination with other cancer treatments. A majority of patients treated with radiotherapy develop significant oral off-target effects because of the unavoidable irradiation of normal tissues. Salivary glands that lie within treatment fields are often irreparably damaged and a decline in function manifests as dry mouth or xerostomia. Limited ability of the salivary glands to regenerate lost acinar cells makes radiation-induced loss of function a chronic problem that affects the quality of life of the patients well beyond the completion of radiotherapy. The restoration of saliva production after irradiation has been a daunting challenge, and this review provides an overview of promising gene therapeutics that either improve the gland’s ability to survive radiation insult, or alternately, restore fluid flow after radiation. The salient features and shortcomings of each approach are discussed.
- salivary glands,
- ionizing radiation,
- aquaporin,
- TLK1,
- KGF,
- VEGF,
- FGF,
- PKC delta,
- HSP,
- Shh
Citation: Renjith Parameswaran Nair, Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy. Promising Gene Therapeutics for Salivary Gland Radiotoxicity[J]. AIMS Medical Science, 2016, 3(4): 329-344. doi: 10.3934/medsci.2016.4.329

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Abstract

More than 0.5 million new cases of head and neck cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, and approximately 75% of them are treated with radiation alone or in combination with other cancer treatments. A majority of patients treated with radiotherapy develop significant oral off-target effects because of the unavoidable irradiation of normal tissues. Salivary glands that lie within treatment fields are often irreparably damaged and a decline in function manifests as dry mouth or xerostomia. Limited ability of the salivary glands to regenerate lost acinar cells makes radiation-induced loss of function a chronic problem that affects the quality of life of the patients well beyond the completion of radiotherapy. The restoration of saliva production after irradiation has been a daunting challenge, and this review provides an overview of promising gene therapeutics that either improve the gland’s ability to survive radiation insult, or alternately, restore fluid flow after radiation. The salient features and shortcomings of each approach are discussed.

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