The impact of different compression ratios on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a biodiesel engine

Hussein A. Mahmood; Ali O. Al-Sulttani; Hayder A. Alrazen; Osam H. Attia; Hussein A. Mahmood; Ali O. Al-Sulttani; Hayder A. Alrazen; Osam H. Attia

doi:10.3934/energy.2024043

AIMS Energy

2024, Volume 12, Issue 5: 924-945. doi: 10.3934/energy.2024043

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

The impact of different compression ratios on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a biodiesel engine

1.
Department of Reconstruction and Projects, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2.
Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
3.
School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia

Received: 29 March 2024 Revised: 15 July 2024 Accepted: 05 August 2024 Published: 12 August 2024

The current work investigated the combustion efficiency of biodiesel engines under diverse ratios of compression (15.5, 16.5, 17.5, and 18.5) and different biodiesel fuels produced from apricot oil, papaya oil, sunflower oil, and tomato seed oil. The combustion process of the biodiesel fuel inside the engine was simulated utilizing ANSYS Fluent v16 (CFD). On AV1 diesel engines (Kirloskar), numerical simulations were conducted at 1500 rpm. The outcomes of the simulation demonstrated that increasing the compression ratio (CR) led to increased peak temperature and pressures in the combustion chamber, as well as elevated levels of CO₂ and NO mass fractions and decreased CO emission values under the same biodiesel fuel type. Additionally, the findings revealed that the highest cylinder temperature was 1007.32 K and the highest cylinder pressure was 7.3 MPa, achieved by biodiesel derived from apricot oil at an 18.5% compression ratio. Meanwhile, the highest NO and CO₂ mass fraction values were 0.000257524 and 0.040167679, respectively, obtained from biodiesel derived from papaya oil at an 18.5% compression ratio. This study explained that the apricot oil biodiesel engine had the highest combustion efficiency with high emissions at a compression ratio of 18:5. On the other hand, tomato seed oil biodiesel engines had low combustion performance and low emissions of NO and CO₂ at a compression ratio of 15:5. The current study concluded that apricot oil biodiesel may be a suitable alternative to diesel fuel operated at a CR of 18:1.
- biodiesel,
- CFD,
- diesel engine,
- compression ratio
Citation: Hussein A. Mahmood, Ali O. Al-Sulttani, Hayder A. Alrazen, Osam H. Attia. The impact of different compression ratios on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a biodiesel engine[J]. AIMS Energy, 2024, 12(5): 924-945. doi: 10.3934/energy.2024043

Related Papers:

Abstract

The current work investigated the combustion efficiency of biodiesel engines under diverse ratios of compression (15.5, 16.5, 17.5, and 18.5) and different biodiesel fuels produced from apricot oil, papaya oil, sunflower oil, and tomato seed oil. The combustion process of the biodiesel fuel inside the engine was simulated utilizing ANSYS Fluent v16 (CFD). On AV1 diesel engines (Kirloskar), numerical simulations were conducted at 1500 rpm. The outcomes of the simulation demonstrated that increasing the compression ratio (CR) led to increased peak temperature and pressures in the combustion chamber, as well as elevated levels of CO₂ and NO mass fractions and decreased CO emission values under the same biodiesel fuel type. Additionally, the findings revealed that the highest cylinder temperature was 1007.32 K and the highest cylinder pressure was 7.3 MPa, achieved by biodiesel derived from apricot oil at an 18.5% compression ratio. Meanwhile, the highest NO and CO₂ mass fraction values were 0.000257524 and 0.040167679, respectively, obtained from biodiesel derived from papaya oil at an 18.5% compression ratio. This study explained that the apricot oil biodiesel engine had the highest combustion efficiency with high emissions at a compression ratio of 18:5. On the other hand, tomato seed oil biodiesel engines had low combustion performance and low emissions of NO and CO₂ at a compression ratio of 15:5. The current study concluded that apricot oil biodiesel may be a suitable alternative to diesel fuel operated at a CR of 18:1.

References

[1]	Mahmood HA, Al-Sulttani AO, Attia OH (2021) Simulation of syngas addition effect on emissions characteristics, combustion, and performance of the diesel engine working under dual fuel mode and lambda value of 1.6. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: IOP Publishing 779: 012116. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/779/1/012116 doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/779/1/012116
[2]	Muruganantham P, Pandiyan P, Sathyamurthy R (2021) Analysis on performance and emission characteristics of corn oil methyl ester blended with diesel and cerium oxide nanoparticle. Case Stud Therm Eng 26: 101077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101077
[3]	Karami R, Hoseinpour M, Rasul M, et al. (2022) Exergy, energy, and emissions analyses of binary and ternary blends of seed waste biodiesel of tomato, papaya, and apricot in a diesel engine. Energy Convers Manage 16: 100288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100288 doi: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100288
[4]	Mahmood HA, Al-Sulttani AO, Mousa NA, et al. (2022) Impact of lambda value on combustion characteristics and emissions of syngas-diesel dual-fuel engine. Int J Technol 13: 179–189. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v13i1.5060 doi: 10.14716/ijtech.v13i1.5060
[5]	Mohammed WT, Jabbar MFA (2016) Zirconium sulfate as catalyst for biodiesel production by using reactive distillation. J Eng 22: 68–82. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.01.05 doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2016.01.05
[6]	Mahmood HA, Attia OH, Al-Sulttani AO, et al. (2023) Impacts of varied injection timing on emission levels, combustion efficiency, and performance of biodiesel engines. Math Modell Eng Probl 10: 1873–1883. https://doi.org/10.18280/mmep.100541 doi: 10.18280/mmep.100541
[7]	Dixit S, Kumar A, Kumar S, et al. (2020) CFD analysis of biodiesel blends and combustion using Ansys Fluent. Mater Today: Proc 26: 665–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.362 doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.362
[8]	Salman SM, Mohammed MM, Mohammed FL (2016) Production of methyl ester (Biodiesel) from used cooking oils via trans-esterification process. J Eng 22: 74–88. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.05.06 doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2016.05.06
[9]	Hussien M (2019) Biodiesel production from used vegetable oil (sunflower cooking oil) using eggshell as bio catalyst. Iraqi J Chem Pet Eng 20: 21–25. https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2019.4.4 doi: 10.31699/IJCPE.2019.4.4
[10]	Beyene D, Bekele D, Abera B (2024). Biodiesel from blended microalgae and waste cooking oils: Optimization, characterization, and fuel quality studies. AIMS Energy 12: 408–438. https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2024019 doi: 10.3934/energy.2024019
[11]	Temizer İ, Cihan Ö, Eskici B (2020) Numerical and experimental investigation of the effect of biodiesel/diesel fuel on combustion characteristics in CI engine. Fuel 270: 117523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117523 doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117523
[12]	Talupula NMB, Rao PS, Kumar BSP, et al. (2017) Alternative fuels for internal combustion engines: Overview of current research. SSRG Int J Mech Eng 4: 17–26. https://doi.org/10.14445/23488360/IJME-V4I4P105 doi: 10.14445/23488360/IJME-V4I4P105
[13]	Lv J, Wang S, Meng B (2022) The effects of nano-additives added to diesel-biodiesel fuel blends on combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine: A review. Energies 15: 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031032 doi: 10.3390/en15031032
[14]	Renish RR, Selvam AJ, Čep R, et al. (2022) Influence of varying compression ratio of a compression ignition engine fueled with B20 blends of sea mango biodiesel. Processes 10: 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071423 doi: 10.3390/pr10071423
[15]	Ahamad Shaik A, Rami Reddy S, Dhana Raju V, et al. (2022) Combined influence of compression ratio and EGR on diverse characteristics of a research diesel engine fueled with waste mango seed biodiesel blend. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Util, Environ Eff, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1811809
[16]	Datta A, Mandal BK (2017) An experimental investigation on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine using diesel and palm stearin methyl ester. Clean Technol Environ Policy 19: 1297–1312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1328-3 doi: 10.1007/s10098-016-1328-3
[17]	Rosha P, Mohapatra SK, Mahla SK, et al. (2019) Effect of compression ratio on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine fueled with palm (B20) biodiesel blend. Energy 178: 676–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.185 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.185
[18]	Sivaramakrishnan K (2018) Investigation on performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression multi fuel engine fuelled with Karanja biodiesel-diesel blend. Egypt J Pet 27: 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.03.001 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.03.001
[19]	Dugala NS, Goindi GS, Sharma A (2021) Experimental investigations on the performance and emissions characteristics of dual biodiesel blends on a varying compression ratio diesel engine. SN Appl Sci 3: 622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04618-0 doi: 10.1007/s42452-021-04618-0
[20]	Mahmood AS, Qatta HI, Al-Nuzal SM, et al. (2021) The effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission characteristics of CI Engine fuelled with corn oil biodiesel blended with diesel fuel. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: IOP Publishing 779: 012062. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/779/1/012062 doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/779/1/012062
[21]	Ng HK, Gan S, Ng J-H, et al. (2013) Simulation of biodiesel combustion in a light-duty diesel engine using integrated compact biodiesel-diesel reaction mechanism. Appl Energy 102: 1275–1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.059 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.059
[22]	Atgur V, Manavendra G, Desai GP, et al. (2022) CFD combustion simulations and experiments on the blended biodiesel two-phase engine flows. Appl Comput Fluid Dyn Simul Model: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102088
[23]	Rajeesh S, Methre J, Godiganur S (2021) CFD analysis of combustion characteristics of CI engine run on biodiesel under various compression ratios. Mater Today: Proc 47: 5823–5829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.193 doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.193
[24]	Raza A, Mehboob H, Miran S, et al. (2020) Investigation on the characteristics of biodiesel droplets in the engine cylinder. Energies 13: 3637. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143637 doi: 10.3390/en13143637
[25]	Alrazen HA, Aminossadati SM, Mahmood HA, et al. (2023) Theoretical investigation of combustion and emissions of CI engines fueled by various blends of depolymerized low-density polythene and diesel with co-solvent additives. Energy 282: 128754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128754 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128754
[26]	Belal TM, El Sayed MM, Osman MM (2013) Investigating diesel engine performance and emissions using CFD. Energy Power Eng 5: 171–180. https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2013.52017 doi: 10.4236/epe.2013.52017
[27]	Lois AL, Al-Lal A, Canoira L, et al. (2012). PAH occurrence during combustion of biodiesel from various feedstocks. Chem Eng Trans 29: 1159–1164. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1229194 doi: 10.3303/CET1229194
[28]	Ashkezari AZ, Divsalar K, Malmir R, et al. (2020). Emission and performance analysis of DI diesel engines fueled by biodiesel blends via CFD simulation of spray combustion and different spray breakup models: A numerical study. J Therm Anal Calorim 139: 2527–2539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08922-1 doi: 10.1007/s10973-019-08922-1
[29]	Karami R, Rasul MG, Khan MM (2020) CFD simulation and a pragmatic analysis of performance and emissions of tomato seed biodiesel blends in a 4-cylinder diesel engine. Energies 13: 3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143688 doi: 10.3390/en13143688
[30]	Efe Ş, Ceviz MA, Temur H (2018) Comparative engine characteristics of biodiesels from hazelnut, corn, soybean, canola and sunflower oils on DI diesel engine. Renewable Energy 119: 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.011 doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.011
[31]	Jaikumar S, Bhatti SK, Srinivas, V, et al. (2020) Combustion and vibration characteristics of variable compression ratio direct injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel‐biodiesel and alcohol blends. Eng Rep 2: 12195. https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12195 doi: 10.1002/eng2.12195

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2024 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)