Effects of treated water with neodymium magnets (NdFeB) on growth characteristics of pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>)

Etimad Alattar; Khitam Alwasife; Eqbal Radwan; Etimad Alattar; Khitam Alwasife; Eqbal Radwan

doi:10.3934/biophy.2020021

AIMS Biophysics

2020, Volume 7, Issue 4: 267-290. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2020021

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

Effects of treated water with neodymium magnets (NdFeB) on growth characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annuum)

1.
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
2.
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine

Received: 15 May 2020 Accepted: 07 July 2020 Published: 21 July 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetic water treatment on growth characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. One week old pepper plants were selected and divided into four groups in a complete randomized design. In our study, we took normal tap water and divided it into four parts. The first group received given non-magnetically treated water (as a control), while the remaining groups received magnetized water at 3, 6, and 9 magnets, respectively. Four pipes and 18 permanent magnets with a flux density of 70 mT were used for this system. The results of the current study showed that magnetized water caused significant increases in all studied parameters, except plant length and dry weight, when compared to non-magnetized water. The results revealed that magnetizing water with 6 magnets was effective than others in increasing the number of fruits and leaves per plant, whereas magnetizing water with 9 magnets was effective than others in increasing the fresh weight of produces fruits. The impact of magnetic water treatment depends on the number of magnets used to magnetizing water. It appears that the utilization of magnetically treated water can lead to improving the quantity and quality of pepper fruits. Therefore, applying magnetized water could be one of the most promising ways to enhance agricultural production in an environmentally friendly way.
- magnetic water treatment,
- pepper (capsicum annuum) plants,
- neodymium magnets,
- growth characteristics
Citation: Etimad Alattar, Khitam Alwasife, Eqbal Radwan. Effects of treated water with neodymium magnets (NdFeB) on growth characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annuum)[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2020, 7(4): 267-290. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2020021

Related Papers:

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetic water treatment on growth characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. One week old pepper plants were selected and divided into four groups in a complete randomized design. In our study, we took normal tap water and divided it into four parts. The first group received given non-magnetically treated water (as a control), while the remaining groups received magnetized water at 3, 6, and 9 magnets, respectively. Four pipes and 18 permanent magnets with a flux density of 70 mT were used for this system. The results of the current study showed that magnetized water caused significant increases in all studied parameters, except plant length and dry weight, when compared to non-magnetized water. The results revealed that magnetizing water with 6 magnets was effective than others in increasing the number of fruits and leaves per plant, whereas magnetizing water with 9 magnets was effective than others in increasing the fresh weight of produces fruits. The impact of magnetic water treatment depends on the number of magnets used to magnetizing water. It appears that the utilization of magnetically treated water can lead to improving the quantity and quality of pepper fruits. Therefore, applying magnetized water could be one of the most promising ways to enhance agricultural production in an environmentally friendly way.

Acknowledgments

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Author contributions

Eqbal Radwan wrote the manuscript and prepared figures, tables, and references. Etimad Alattar conceptualized the overall structure and edited the manuscript. Khitam Alwasife contributed critical comments to the draft and approved the manuscript. All the authors reviewed the draft.

References

[1]	Cho MH, Lee EJ, Son M, et al. (2012) A magnetic switch for the control of cell death signalling in in vitro and in vivo systems. Nat Mater 11: 1038-1043.
[2]	Qin S, Yin H, Yang C, et al. (2016) A magnetic protein biocompass. Nat Mater 15: 217-226.
[3]	Chou CK (2007) Thirty-five years in bioelectromagnetics research. Bioelectromagnetics 28: 3-15.
[4]	Alattar EM, Elwasife KY, Radwan ES, et al. (2019) Influence of magnetized water on the growth of corn (Zea mays) seedlings. Rom J biophys 29: 39-50.
[5]	Czaplicki Z, Matyjas-Zgondek E, Strzelecki S (2020) Dyeing of wool and woolen fabrics in magnetically treated water. J Nat Fibers 1–8.
[6]	Otsuka I, Ozeki S (2006) Does magnetic treatment of water change its properties? J Phys Chem B 110: 1509-1512.
[7]	Pang XF, Deng B (2008) Investigation of changes in properties of water under the action of a magnetic field. Sci China Phys Mech 51: 1621-1632.
[8]	Chibowski E, Szcześ A (2018) Magnetic water treatment–a review of the latest approaches. Chemosphere 203: 54-67.
[9]	Wang Y, Wei H, Li Z (2018) Effect of magnetic field on the physical properties of water. Results Phys 8: 262-267.
[10]	Inaba H, Saitou T, Tozaki K, et al. (2004) Effect of the magnetic field on the melting transition of H₂O and D₂O measured by a high resolution and supersensitive differential scanning calorimeter. J Appl Phys 96: 6127-6132.
[11]	Chang KT, Weng CI (2008) An investigation into the structure of aqueous NaCl electrolyte solutions under magnetic fields. Comp Mater Sci 43: 1048-1055.
[12]	Selim DA, Nassar RM, Boghdady MS, et al. (2019) Physiological and anatomical studies of two wheat cultivars irrigated with magnetic water under drought stress conditions. Plant Physiol Bioch 135: 480-488.
[13]	Ali AF, Alsaady MH, Salim HA (2019) Impact of bio fertilizer and magnetic irrigation water on growth and yield of melon Cucumis melo L. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science .
[14]	Hasan MM, Alharby HF, Hajar AS, et al. (2019) The effect of magnetized water on the growth and physiological conditions of moringa species under drought stress. Pol J Environ Stud 8: 1145-1155.
[15]	Fatahi P, Hajnorouzi A, Afzalzadeh R (2019) Improvement in photocatalytic properties of synthesized nano-structured ZnO in magnetic water and in presence of static magnetic field. Physica B Condens 555: 133-138.
[16]	Hassan NAA, Mubarak TH, Gheaeb NF (2019) Evaluation the effect of magnetized water on the bone density and osteoporosis in the experimental rats by DXA-Scan. Diyala J Med 16: 70-82.
[17]	Yusuf KO, Sakariyah SA, Baiyeri MR (2019) Influence of magnetized water and seed on yield and uptake of heavy metals of tomato. Not Sci Biol 11: 122-129.
[18]	Liu X, Wang L, Wei Y, et al. (2020) Irrigation with magnetically treated saline water influences the growth and photosynthetic capability of Vitis vinifera L. seedlings. Sci Hortic 262: 109056.
[19]	Kozyrskiy V, Savchenko V, Sinyavsky O, et al. (2020) Energy-saving technologies for pre-sowing seed treatment in a magnetic field. Energy-Saving Technologies for Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Development Publisher of Timely Knowledge, 213-242.
[20]	Alattar E, Radwan E (2020) Investigation of the effects of radio frequency water treatment on some characteristics of growth in pepper (capsicum annuum) plants. Adv Biosci Biotechnol 11: 22-48.
[21]	Moon JD, Chung HS (2000) Acceleration of germination of tomato seed by applying AC electric and magnetic fields. J Electrostat 48: 103-114.
[22]	Matwijczuk A, Kornarzyński K, Pietruszewski S (2012) Effect of magnetic field on seed germination and seedling growth of sunflower. Int Agrophys 26: 271-278.
[23]	Surendran U, Sandeep O, Joseph EJ (2016) The impacts of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on plant, water and soil characteristics. Agric Water Manag 178: 21-29.
[24]	Nyakane NE, Markus ED, Sedibe MM (2019) The effects of magnetic fields on plants growth: a comprehensive review. Int J Food Eng 5: 79-87.
[25]	Liu X, Wang L, Cui H, et al. (2019) Effects of magnetic treatment on the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and endogenous hormone levels in Populus× euramericana ‘Neva’ under cadmium stress. Can J For Res 49: 1147-1158.
[26]	Saunders R (2005) Static magnetic fields: animal studies. Prog Biophys Mol Bio 87: 225-239.
[27]	Dini L, Abbro L (2005) Bioeffects of moderate-intensity static magnetic fields on cell cultures. Micron 36: 195-217.
[28]	Zhou SA, Uesaka M (2006) Bioelectrodynamics in living organisms. Int J Eng Sci 44: 67-92.
[29]	Zablotskii V, Polyakova T, Lunov O, et al. (2016) How a high-gradient magnetic field could affect cell life. Sci Rep 6: 37407.
[30]	Turker M, Temirci C, Battal P, et al. (2007) The effects of an artificial and static magnetic field on plant growth chlorophyll and phytohormone levels in maize and sunflower plants. Phys Ann Rev Bot 46: 271-284.
[31]	Podleoeny J, Pietruszewski S, Podleoena A (2004) Efficiency of the magnetic treatment of broad bean seeds cultivated under experimental plot conditions. Int Agrophys 18: 65-71.
[32]	Maheshwari BL, Grewal HS (2009) Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: its effects on vegetable crop yield and water productivity. Agric Water Manage 96: 1229-1236.
[33]	Selim AF, El-Nady MF (2011) Physio-anatomical responses of drought stressed tomato plants to magnetic field. Acta Astron 69: 387-396.
[34]	Nutritional recommendations for pepper, Retrieved Jun 15, 2019 from Haifa group company: Available from: https://www.haifa-group.com/pepper-fertilizer.
[35]	McMahon CA (2009) Investigation of the Quality of Water Treated by Magnetic Fields Australia: The University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying.
[36]	Ahamed MEM, Elzaawely AA, Bayoumi YA (2013) Effect of magnetic field on seed germination, growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Asian J Crop Sci 5: 286-294.
[37]	Shahin MM, Mashhour AMA, Abd-Elhady ESE (2016) Effect of magnetized irrigation water and seeds on some water properties, growth parameter and yield productivity of cucumber plants. Curr Sci Int 5: 152-164.
[38]	Shine MB, Guruprasad KN, Anand A (2011) Enhancement of germination, growth, and photosynthesis in soybean by pre-treatment of seeds with magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 32: 474-484.
[39]	Radhakrishnan R, Kumari BDR (2012) Pulsed magnetic field: A contemporary approach offers to enhance plant growth and yield of soybean. Plant Physiol Biochem 51: 139-144.
[40]	Feizi H, Sahabi H, Moghaddam PR, et al. (2012) Impact of intensity and exposure duration of magnetic field on seed germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Not Sci Biol 4: 116-120.
[41]	Ijaz B, Jatoi SA, Ahmad D, et al. (2012) Changes in germination behavior of wheat seeds exposed to magnetic field and magnetically structured water. Afr J Biotechnol 11: 3575-3585.
[42]	Aladjadjiyan A (2002) Study of the influence of magnetic field on some biological characteristics of Zea mais. J Cent Eur Agric 3: 89-94.
[43]	Atak Ç, Çelik Ö, Olgun A, et al. (2007) Effect of magnetic field on peroxidase activities of soybean tissue culture. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 21: 166-171.
[44]	Hilal MH, Hilal MM (2000) Application of magnetic technologies in desert agriculture. I-Seed germination and seedling emergence of some crops in a saline calcareous soil. Egypt J Soil Sci 40: 413-422.
[45]	Jogi PD, Dharmale RD, Dudhare MS, et al. (2015) Magnetic water: a plant growth stimulator improve mustard (Brassica nigra L.) crop production. Asian J Biol Sci 10: 183-185.
[46]	Yusuf KO, Ogunlela AO (2015) Impact of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on the growth and yield of tomato. Not Sci Biol 7: 345-348.
[47]	Osman EAM, El-Latif KA, Hussien SM, et al. (2014) Assessing the effect of irrigation with different levels of saline magnetic water on growth parameters and mineral contents of pear seedlings. Glob J Sci Res 2: 128-136.
[48]	Azharonok VV, Goncharik SV, Filatova II, et al. (2009) The effect of the high frequency electromagnetic treatment of the sowing material for legumes on their sowing quality and productivity. Surf Eng Appl Elect 45: 317-327.
[49]	El-Gizawy AM, Ragab ME, Helal NA, et al. (2016) Effect of magnetic field treatments on germination of true potato seeds, seedlings growth and potato tubers characteristics. Middle East J Agric Res 5: 74-81.
[50]	Marks N, Szecówka PS (2010) Impact of variable magnetic field stimulation on growth of aboveground parts of potato plants. Int Agrophys 24: 165-170.
[51]	Eşİtken A (2003) Effects of magnetic fields on yield and growth in strawberry ‘Camarosa’. J Hortic Sci Biotech 78: 145-147.
[52]	Alkassab AT, Albach DC (2014) Response of mexican aster cosmos bipinnatus and field mustard sinapis arvensis to irrigation with magnetically treated water (MTW). Biol Agric Hortic 30: 62-72.
[53]	Massah J, Dousti A, Khazaei J, et al. (2019) Effects of water magnetic treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat. J Plant Nutr 42: 1283-1289.
[54]	Leelapriya T, Dhilip KS, Sanker Narayan PV (2003) Effect of weak sinusoidal magnetic field on germination and yield of cotton (Gossypium spp.). Electromagn Biol Med 22: 117-125.
[55]	Grewal HS, Maheshwari BL (2011) Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings. Bioelectromagnetics 32: 58-65.
[56]	Almaghrabi OA, Elbeshehy EK (2012) Effect of weak electro magnetic field on grain germination and seedling growth of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Life Sci J 9: 1615-1622.
[57]	Sadeghipour O, Aghaei P (2013) Improving the growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) by magnetized water. J Biodivers Environ Sci 3: 37-43.
[58]	De Souza A, Garci D, Sueiro L, et al. (2006) Pre-sowing magnetic treatments of tomato seeds increase the growth and yield of plants. Bioelectromagnetics 27: 247-257.
[59]	Huang HH, Wang SR (2008) The Effects of inverter magnetic fields on early seed germination of mung beans. Bioelectromagnetics 29: 649-657.
[60]	Es'kov EK, Rodionov YA (2010) Initial growth processes in seeds in magnetic fields, strengthened or weakened in relation to the geomagnetic field. Biol Bull 37: 49-55.
[61]	Hamdy AE, Khalifa SM, Abdeen SA (2015) Effect of magnetic water on yield and fruit quality of some mandarin varieties. Ann Agric Sci 53: 657-666.
[62]	Vashisth A, Nagarajan S (2008) Exposure of seeds to static magnetic field enhances germination and early growth characteristics in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Bioelectromagnetics 29: 571-578.
[63]	Shabrangi A, Majd A (2009) Effect of magnetic fields on growth and antioxidant systems in agricultural plants. PIERS Proceedings Beijing, China: 23-27.
[64]	Eşitken A, Turan M (2004) Alternating magnetic field effects on yield and plant nutrient element composition of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Camarosa). Acta Agr Scand B SP 54: 135-139.
[65]	Dhawi F, Al Khayri JM (2009) Magnetic fields induce changes in photosynthetic pigments content in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seedlings. Open Agr J 3: 1-5.

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2020 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)