Epileptic seizures and link to memory processes

Ritwik Das; Artur Luczak; Ritwik Das; Artur Luczak

doi:10.3934/Neuroscience.2022007

AIMS Neuroscience

2022, Volume 9, Issue 1: 114-127. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022007

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Perspective

Epileptic seizures and link to memory processes

Ritwik Das ^,,
Artur Luczak ^,

Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada

Received: 06 January 2022 Revised: 17 February 2022 Accepted: 01 March 2022 Published: 07 March 2022

Epileptogenesis is a complex and not well understood phenomenon. Here, we explore the hypothesis that epileptogenesis could be “hijacking” normal memory processes, and how this hypothesis may provide new directions for epilepsy treatment. First, we review similarities between the hypersynchronous circuits observed in epilepsy and memory consolidation processes involved in strengthening neuronal connections. Next, we describe the kindling model of seizures and its relation to long-term potentiation model of synaptic plasticity. We also examine how the strengthening of epileptic circuits is facilitated during the physiological slow wave sleep, similarly as episodic memories. Furthermore, we present studies showing that specific memories can directly trigger reflex seizures. The neuronal hypersynchrony in early stages of Alzheimer's disease, and the use of anti-epileptic drugs to improve the cognitive symptoms in this disease also suggests a connection between memory systems and epilepsy. Given the commonalities between memory processes and epilepsy, we propose that therapies for memory disorders might provide new avenues for treatment of epileptic patients.
- epilepsy,
- memory consolidation,
- kindling,
- long-term potentiation,
- Alzheimer's disease,
- reflex epilepsy,
- extinction therapy
Citation: Ritwik Das, Artur Luczak. Epileptic seizures and link to memory processes[J]. AIMS Neuroscience, 2022, 9(1): 114-127. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022007

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Abstract

Epileptogenesis is a complex and not well understood phenomenon. Here, we explore the hypothesis that epileptogenesis could be “hijacking” normal memory processes, and how this hypothesis may provide new directions for epilepsy treatment. First, we review similarities between the hypersynchronous circuits observed in epilepsy and memory consolidation processes involved in strengthening neuronal connections. Next, we describe the kindling model of seizures and its relation to long-term potentiation model of synaptic plasticity. We also examine how the strengthening of epileptic circuits is facilitated during the physiological slow wave sleep, similarly as episodic memories. Furthermore, we present studies showing that specific memories can directly trigger reflex seizures. The neuronal hypersynchrony in early stages of Alzheimer's disease, and the use of anti-epileptic drugs to improve the cognitive symptoms in this disease also suggests a connection between memory systems and epilepsy. Given the commonalities between memory processes and epilepsy, we propose that therapies for memory disorders might provide new avenues for treatment of epileptic patients.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ian Q. Whishaw, Ingrid De Miranda Esteves, Rui Pais and Deeksha Pahwa for comments on the manuscript. We thank HaoRan Chang and Adam Neumann for useful discussions. We also thank Ian Q. Whishaw, Bruce L. McNaughton and G. Campbell (Cam) Teskey for inspiring discussion on the relation between seizures and memory.

Funding

This work was supported by a CIHR Project grant to AL and Alberta Innovates Graduate Student Scholarship awarded to RD.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Author contributions

Ritwik Das and Artur Luczak conceptualized this work and wrote this manuscript.

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