Fruiting-body-base flour from an oyster mushroom—a waste source of antioxidative flour for developing potential functional cookies and steamed-bun

Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar; Norfaizah Mahmud; Sugenendran Supramani; Rahayu Ahmad; Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain; Nurshazleen A. M. Hassan; Jayanthi Peryasamy; Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim; Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar; Norfaizah Mahmud; Sugenendran Supramani; Rahayu Ahmad; Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain; Nurshazleen A. M. Hassan; Jayanthi Peryasamy; Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim

doi:10.3934/agrfood.2018.4.481

AIMS Agriculture and Food

2018, Volume 3, Issue 4: 481-492. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2018.4.481

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Fruiting-body-base flour from an oyster mushroom—a waste source of antioxidative flour for developing potential functional cookies and steamed-bun

Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar ^{2
,
,},
Norfaizah Mahmud ³,
Sugenendran Supramani ²,
Rahayu Ahmad ⁴,
Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain ³,
Nurshazleen A. M. Hassan ¹,
Jayanthi Peryasamy ¹,
Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim ¹

1.
Department of Food Technology, Faculty Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
2.
Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 505603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3.
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 505603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4.
Halal Action Laboratory, Kolej Permata Insan, University Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Received: 03 October 2018 Accepted: 26 November 2018 Published: 30 November 2018

In a commercial oyster mushroom farm, fruiting body base (FBB) was not harvested compared to the common cap and stem of the fruiting body parts, and thus remained as waste. In the present study, unused FBB was powdered and subjected to proximate analysis as floured FBB (FFBB). FFBB was found to contain 71.2% carbohydrate, 8.93% moisture, 7.18% fibre, 5.72% ash, 5.57% protein, and 1.4% fat, while raw-FBB (RFBB) contained 7.57% carbohydrate, 84.4% moisture, 5.17% fibre, 5.72% ash, 1.54% protein, and 0.85% fat. The high carbohydrate content of FFBB was subjected to hot-water extraction and yielded 7.40 g of FFBB polysaccharide (FFBBP). Total phenolic content (TPC) of FFBBP contained 1.80 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, exhibiting the reducing activity of 1.74 mM Fe(II)/g by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, and reduced the stable 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical forms at IC₅₀ of 25.08 mg/mL, which was comparable with other parts of oyster mushroom species. Different percentages of FFBB mixtures were utilized in the production of cookies (10% and 20%) and steamed buns (10%, 20% and 30%). Thirty-seven panellists were selected for sensory testing, which showed that 10% of FFBB in a steamed bun was more acceptable than 30% of FFBB, while the overall acceptance of cookies with 10% FBB was insignificant (p > 0.05) but 20% FFBB in cookies was significantly different from control (p < 0.05). This study indicates that potential value of FFBB as an economical antioxidative flour in the development of functional foods.
- oyster mushroom,
- fruiting body waste,
- antioxidant properties,
- functional cookies,
- functional steamed buns
Citation: Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, Norfaizah Mahmud, Sugenendran Supramani, Rahayu Ahmad, Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain, Nurshazleen A. M. Hassan, Jayanthi Peryasamy, Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim. Fruiting-body-base flour from an oyster mushroom—a waste source of antioxidative flour for developing potential functional cookies and steamed-bun[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2018, 3(4): 481-492. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2018.4.481

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Abstract

In a commercial oyster mushroom farm, fruiting body base (FBB) was not harvested compared to the common cap and stem of the fruiting body parts, and thus remained as waste. In the present study, unused FBB was powdered and subjected to proximate analysis as floured FBB (FFBB). FFBB was found to contain 71.2% carbohydrate, 8.93% moisture, 7.18% fibre, 5.72% ash, 5.57% protein, and 1.4% fat, while raw-FBB (RFBB) contained 7.57% carbohydrate, 84.4% moisture, 5.17% fibre, 5.72% ash, 1.54% protein, and 0.85% fat. The high carbohydrate content of FFBB was subjected to hot-water extraction and yielded 7.40 g of FFBB polysaccharide (FFBBP). Total phenolic content (TPC) of FFBBP contained 1.80 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, exhibiting the reducing activity of 1.74 mM Fe(II)/g by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, and reduced the stable 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical forms at IC₅₀ of 25.08 mg/mL, which was comparable with other parts of oyster mushroom species. Different percentages of FFBB mixtures were utilized in the production of cookies (10% and 20%) and steamed buns (10%, 20% and 30%). Thirty-seven panellists were selected for sensory testing, which showed that 10% of FFBB in a steamed bun was more acceptable than 30% of FFBB, while the overall acceptance of cookies with 10% FBB was insignificant (p > 0.05) but 20% FFBB in cookies was significantly different from control (p < 0.05). This study indicates that potential value of FFBB as an economical antioxidative flour in the development of functional foods.

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