Manuscript Topics

Besides the primary genetic information stored in chromosomal DNA, a second layer of genetic information is stored in the RNA spatial structure. The expression of genetic information stored permanently in the chromosome can be modified by environmental changes. This includes the response to epigenetic modifications, resulting in a conformational change of the chromosome. The epigenetic modification can also occur on the level of RNA structure formation. More than 100 modifications have been observed in RNA. Methylation in adenosine (m6A) and cytosine (m5C) is proposed to modify the RNA structure both globally and locally, modifying the accessibility of RNA-binding proteins. RNA spatial structure formation, to which RNA-Protein and RNA-RNA interactions (intra- or inter-RNA hybrid formation) contribute, influences the immediate genetic response to the environmental change.

The formation of the mRNA structurome is a critical component of translational regulation. The shift between folded and unfolded RNA structures can lead to a differential rate of translation as well as the fate of mRNA in the decay process. In addition to this, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can also contribute to the RNA fate. The antisense trans-acting ncRNA acts by base-pairing with the cis-acting target sequence in mRNA, thus affecting mRNA stability and translation. The sense trans-acting ncRNA acts by titrating RBPs and modulating the expression of mRNA. This indicates that ncRNA is also involved in the formation of the mRNA structurome. The binding of the small ncRNA-RISC complex can also modulate the mRNA structurome.The present issue focuses on the RNA epigenomes and regulatory RNAs, ranging from RNA epigenetic modifications, RNA-protein and RNA-RNA interactions, and ncRNAs for RNA spatial structure formation.

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