Tyramine activates lipid accumulation in rat adipocytes: influences of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> administration

Francisco Les; Zsuzsa Iffiú-Soltész; Josep Mercarder; Christian Carpéné; Francisco Les; Zsuzsa Iffiú-Soltész; Josep Mercarder; Christian Carpéné

doi:10.3934/molsci.2017.3.339

AIMS Molecular Science

2017, Volume 4, Issue 3: 339-351. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2017.3.339

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Research article

Tyramine activates lipid accumulation in rat adipocytes: influences of in vitro and in vivo administration

1.
Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1048), I2MC, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
2.
Université Paul Sabatier, I2MC-UPS, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
3.
present address: Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
4.
present address: LBNB, Alimentomica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Received: 08 August 2017 Accepted: 31 August 2017 Published: 04 September 2017

Tyramine is naturally occurring in foods. This biogenic amine is known to induce hypertension, especially when ingested by individuals treated by irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO). However, in animals, tyramine is also an agonist for trace amine-associated receptors and substrate of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO). Though tyramine can alter aminergic transmission by various mechanisms, it was recently reported that prolonged tyramine supplementation does not deteriorate glucose tolerance and does not cause adverse cardiovascular effects in mice. Since previous studies have described insulin-like effects of tyramine in fat cells from diabetic rats, we have further tested tyramine in vitro and in vivo actions on fattening. To this aim, antilipolytic and lipogenic responses to insulin and tyramine were first compared in rat adipocytes while tyramine oxidation was compared in adipose and intestinal tissues. Then, effects of repeated intraperitoneal injections of tyramine (17 µmol/kg/day) on adiposity and on adipocyte functions were studied in young and mature rats. Millimolar doses of tyramine inhibited glycerol release by adipocytes with a maximal antilipolytic effect comparable to that of insulin. Repeated tyramine administration enhanced fat deposition in epididymal white adipose tissue, irrespective of the age of treated rats. This effect was not accompanied by desensitization to lipogenic activation by insulin, tyramine or hydrogen peroxide. Lastly, tyramine was more readily oxidized in adipose than in intestinal tissues when enzymatic activity was expressed per mg of protein. Moreoever, MAO mostly contributed to oxidative deamination in gut while SSAO was predominant in fat. Thus, both short-term and prolonged effects of tyramine were evidencing somewhat insulin-like actions in adipose tissue and led to reconsider the risk/benefit ratio of the dietary intake of this amine.
- adipocytes,
- monoamine oxidase,
- semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase,
- obesity,
- glucose homeostasis,
- vanadium,
- glycerol
Citation: Francisco Les, Zsuzsa Iffiú-Soltész, Josep Mercarder, Christian Carpéné. Tyramine activates lipid accumulation in rat adipocytes: influences of in vitro and in vivo administration[J]. AIMS Molecular Science, 2017, 4(3): 339-351. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2017.3.339

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Abstract

Tyramine is naturally occurring in foods. This biogenic amine is known to induce hypertension, especially when ingested by individuals treated by irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO). However, in animals, tyramine is also an agonist for trace amine-associated receptors and substrate of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO). Though tyramine can alter aminergic transmission by various mechanisms, it was recently reported that prolonged tyramine supplementation does not deteriorate glucose tolerance and does not cause adverse cardiovascular effects in mice. Since previous studies have described insulin-like effects of tyramine in fat cells from diabetic rats, we have further tested tyramine in vitro and in vivo actions on fattening. To this aim, antilipolytic and lipogenic responses to insulin and tyramine were first compared in rat adipocytes while tyramine oxidation was compared in adipose and intestinal tissues. Then, effects of repeated intraperitoneal injections of tyramine (17 µmol/kg/day) on adiposity and on adipocyte functions were studied in young and mature rats. Millimolar doses of tyramine inhibited glycerol release by adipocytes with a maximal antilipolytic effect comparable to that of insulin. Repeated tyramine administration enhanced fat deposition in epididymal white adipose tissue, irrespective of the age of treated rats. This effect was not accompanied by desensitization to lipogenic activation by insulin, tyramine or hydrogen peroxide. Lastly, tyramine was more readily oxidized in adipose than in intestinal tissues when enzymatic activity was expressed per mg of protein. Moreoever, MAO mostly contributed to oxidative deamination in gut while SSAO was predominant in fat. Thus, both short-term and prolonged effects of tyramine were evidencing somewhat insulin-like actions in adipose tissue and led to reconsider the risk/benefit ratio of the dietary intake of this amine.

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