Spray-combustion process characterization in a common rail diesel engine fuelled with butanol-diesel blends by conventional methods and optical diagnostics

Simona Silvia Merola; Luca Marchitto; Cinzia Tornatore; Gerardo Valentino; Simona Silvia Merola; Luca Marchitto; Cinzia Tornatore; Gerardo Valentino

doi:10.3934/energy.2014.2.116

AIMS Energy

2014, Volume 2, Issue 2: 116-132. doi: 10.3934/energy.2014.2.116

Previous Article Next Article

Research article Special Issues

Spray-combustion process characterization in a common rail diesel engine fuelled with butanol-diesel blends by conventional methods and optical diagnostics

Istituto Motori –CNR, Via G. Marconi 4 - 80125 Napoli, Italy

Received: 07 February 2014 Accepted: 24 March 2014 Published: 05 April 2014

The target of a sustainable mobility has led to investigate advanced combustion modes and fuels technologies. On the other side, the increasing global energy demand and the decreasing fossil-energy resources are enhancing the interest in the use of renewable alternative fuels for compression ignition engines with the target of near-zero emission levels. Although performance and emissions of alternative-fuel within light-duty diesel engines have been extensively investigated, results of fuel chemical composition impact on combustion by integrated optical methodologies are lacking. In order to meet this challenge, one of the main objectives of the research efforts is to characterize the combustion and species evolution. In this investigation, conventional tests and optical diagnostics were employed to enhance the comprehension of the combustion process and chemical markers in a common rail compression ignition engine powered by butanol-diesel blends. The investigation was focused on the effect of the injection strategy and blend composition on in-cylinder spray combustion and soot formation, through UV-visible digital imaging and natural emission spectroscopy. Experiments were performed in an optically accessible single cylinder high swirl compression ignition engine, equipped with a common rail multi-jets injection system. UV-visible emission spectroscopy was used to follow the evolution of the combustion process chemical markers. Spectral features of OH were identified and followed during the spray combustion process examining different pilot-main dwell timings. Soot spectral evidence in the visible wavelength range was correlated to soot engine out emissions. In this work, conventional and optical data related to diesel fuel blended with 40 % of n-butanol will be presented.
- Combustion,
- Common rail diesel engine,
- Butanol fuel,
- Diesel fuel,
- Optical diagnostics,
- Chemiluminescence
Citation: Simona Silvia Merola, Luca Marchitto, Cinzia Tornatore, Gerardo Valentino. Spray-combustion process characterization in a common rail diesel engine fuelled with butanol-diesel blends by conventional methods and optical diagnostics[J]. AIMS Energy, 2014, 2(2): 116-132. doi: 10.3934/energy.2014.2.116

Related Papers:

Abstract

The target of a sustainable mobility has led to investigate advanced combustion modes and fuels technologies. On the other side, the increasing global energy demand and the decreasing fossil-energy resources are enhancing the interest in the use of renewable alternative fuels for compression ignition engines with the target of near-zero emission levels. Although performance and emissions of alternative-fuel within light-duty diesel engines have been extensively investigated, results of fuel chemical composition impact on combustion by integrated optical methodologies are lacking. In order to meet this challenge, one of the main objectives of the research efforts is to characterize the combustion and species evolution. In this investigation, conventional tests and optical diagnostics were employed to enhance the comprehension of the combustion process and chemical markers in a common rail compression ignition engine powered by butanol-diesel blends. The investigation was focused on the effect of the injection strategy and blend composition on in-cylinder spray combustion and soot formation, through UV-visible digital imaging and natural emission spectroscopy. Experiments were performed in an optically accessible single cylinder high swirl compression ignition engine, equipped with a common rail multi-jets injection system. UV-visible emission spectroscopy was used to follow the evolution of the combustion process chemical markers. Spectral features of OH were identified and followed during the spray combustion process examining different pilot-main dwell timings. Soot spectral evidence in the visible wavelength range was correlated to soot engine out emissions. In this work, conventional and optical data related to diesel fuel blended with 40 % of n-butanol will be presented.

References

[1]	Yan YJ, Li X, Wang GL, et al. (2014) Biotechnological preparation of biodiesel and its high-valued derivatives: A review. Appl Energ 113: 1614-1631. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.029
[2]	Singh B, Guldhe A, Rawat I, et al. (2014) Towards a sustainable approach for development of biodiesel from plant and microalgae. Renew Sust Energ Rev 29: 216-245. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.067
[3]	Swana J, Yang Y, Behnam M, et al. (2011) An analysis of net energy production and feedstock availability for biobutanol and bioethanol. Bioresource Technol 102 (2): 2112-2117.
[4]	Abdehagh N, Tezel FH, Thibault J (2014) Separation techniques in butanol production: Challenges and developments. Biomass Bioenerg 60: 222-246. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.10.003
[5]	Yilmaz N (2012) Comparative analysis of biodiesel, ethanol, diesel and biodiesel methanol, diesel blends in a diesel engine. Energy 40(1): 210-213.
[6]	van der Merwe AB, Cheng H, Görgens JF (2013) Comparison of energy efficiency and economics of process designs for biobutanol production from sugarcane molasses. Fuel 105: 451-458. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.058
[7]	Han SH, Cho DH, Kim YH, et al. (2013) Biobutanol production from 2-year-old willow biomass by acid hydrolysis and acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation. Energy 61: 13-17. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.069
[8]	García V, Päkkilä J, Ojamo H, et al. (2011) Challenges in biobutanol production: How to improve the efficiency? Renew Sust Energ Rev 15(2): 964-980.
[9]	Xue C, Zhao XQ, Liu CG, et al. (2013) Prospective and development of butanol as an advanced biofuel. Biotechnol Adv 31(8): 1575-1584.
[10]	Jin C, Yao MF, Liu HF, et al. (2011) Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15(8): 4080-4106.
[11]	Giakoumis EG, Rakopoulos CD, Dimaratos AM, et al. (2013) Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 17: 170-190. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.017
[12]	Siwale L, Kristóf L, Adam T, et al. (2013) Combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol/diesel fuel blend in a turbo-charged compression ignition engine. Fuel 107: 409-418. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.083
[13]	Yao MF, Wang H, Zheng ZQ, et al. (2010) Experimental study of n-butanol additive and multi-injection on HD diesel engine performance and emissions. Fuel 89(9): 2191-2201.
[14]	Merola SS, Tornatore C, Iannuzzi SE, et al. (2014) Combustion process investigation in a high speed diesel engine fuelled with n-butanol diesel blend by conventional methods and optical diagnostics. Renew Energ 64: 225-237. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.11.017
[15]	Valentino G, Corcione FE, Iannuzzi SE, et al. (2012) Experimental study on performance and emissions of a high speed diesel engine fuelled with n-butanol diesel blends under premixed low temperature combustion; Fuel, 92 (1): 295-307
[16]	Agarwal AK, Srivastava DK, Dhar A, et al. (2013) Effect of fuel injection timing and pressure on combustion, emissions and performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. Fuel 111: 374-383. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.016
[17]	Chen Z, Liu J, Han Z, et al. (2013) Study on performance and emissions of a passenger-car diesel engine fueled with butanol–diesel blends. Energy 55: 638–646.
[18]	Zhao H, Ladommatos (2011) N Engine combustion instrumentation and diagnostics. Soc Automot Eng, Inc. USA.
[19]	Dec JE, Espey C (1988) Chemiluminescence Imaging of Autoignition in a DI Diesel Engine. SAE Technical Paper.
[20]	Zhao H, Ladommatos N (1998) Optical diagnostics for soot and temperature measurement in diesel engines. Prog Energ Combust 24(3): 221-255.
[21]	Kosaka H, Aizawa T, Kamimoto T (2005) Two-dimensional imaging of ignition and soot formation processes in a diesel flame. J Eng Res 6(1): 21-42,.
[22]	Heywood JB (1988) "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals", McGraw-Hill Inc.
[23]	Dieke GH, Crosswhite HM (1962) The ultraviolet bands of OH Fundamental data. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Trans 2: 97-199. doi: 10.1016/0022-4073(62)90061-4
[24]	Krishnamahari S, Broida H (1961) Effect of molecular oxygen on the emission spectra of atomic oxygen-acetylene flames. J Chem Phys 34: 1709-1711. doi: 10.1063/1.1701067
[25]	Tinaut FV, Reyes M, Giménez B, et al. (2011) Measurements of OH* and CH* Chemiluminescence in Premixed Flames in a Constant Volume Combustion Bomb under Autoignition Conditions. Energ Fuels 25(1): 119-129.
[26]	Gaydon AG, Wolfhard HG (1953) "Mechanism of formation of CH, C2, OH and HCO radicals in flames." Symposium (International) on Combustion 4(1): 211-218.
[27]	Fontijn A (1966) Mechanism of Chemiluminescence of AtomicOxygen—Hydrocarbon Reactions. Formation of the Vaidya Hydrocarbon Flame Band Emitter. J Chem Phys 44: 1702.
[28]	Gaydon AG (1957) The Spectroscopy of Flames. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
[29]	Tree DR, Svensson KI (2007) Soot processes in compression ignition engines. Prog Energ Combust 33(3): 272-309.
[30]	Senda J, Choi D, Iwamuro M, et al. (2002) Experimental Analysis on Soot Formation Process In DI Diesel Combustion Chamber by Use of Optical Diagnostics; SAE Technical Paper n.2002-01-0893.

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2014 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)