Research article Topical Sections

A qualitative report of the perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic from collegiate student-athletes

  • Received: 30 December 2021 Revised: 22 February 2022 Accepted: 02 March 2022 Published: 15 March 2022
  • Context 

    The COVID-19 pandemic led to an abrupt disruption in access to services and personnel for collegiate student-athletes in the spring and summer of 2020. We sought to identify the effects of this unprecedented change by examining the psychological well-being, changes to normal routines, and return-to-play considerations of current student-athletes in order to guide support for both current and future student-athletes who may face similar situations.

    Methods 

    We utilized a phenomenological approach to interview a purposeful sample of eighteen collegiate student-athletes (7 males, 11 females; mean age = 20 years) from across the United States. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol, which was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim using Zoom. The data were then analyzed and coded by a 3-person team via the consensual qualitative research tradition.

    Results 

    Four domains emerged after data analysis: 1) ambiguity, 2) perspective, 3) bonding and cohesion, and 4) resource utilization. Participants discussed ambiguity in terms of eligibility and participation questions, academic changes, and varying COVID-19 policies. Participants shared a wide range of perspectives, from apprehension at the onset of the pandemic, to excitement when returning to campus and competition. They shared how bonding and team development were affected due to a lack of socialization and that support system dynamics between family, coaches, and teammates were strengthened. When describing resource utilization, participants discussed the use of personnel and supplies to help them adjust to changes in facility and space availability. The identification and utilization of resources enabled them to establish a “new normal” for their academics, workouts, and hobbies during the pandemic.

    Conclusions 

    Collegiate student-athletes realized the seriousness of the pandemic and utilized their resources and support systems to adjust their routines and keep a positive attitude during COVID-19. At the same time, some student-athletes struggled with these changes. Personnel should be aware of these effects to provide care and prevent future negative effects.

    Citation: Dylan C. Rowe, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Shawn M. Arent, Michelle A. Arent, Alexa J. Chandler, Nancy A. Uriegas, Toni M. Torres-McGehee. A qualitative report of the perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic from collegiate student-athletes[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2022, 9(2): 357-377. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2022025

    Related Papers:

  • Context 

    The COVID-19 pandemic led to an abrupt disruption in access to services and personnel for collegiate student-athletes in the spring and summer of 2020. We sought to identify the effects of this unprecedented change by examining the psychological well-being, changes to normal routines, and return-to-play considerations of current student-athletes in order to guide support for both current and future student-athletes who may face similar situations.

    Methods 

    We utilized a phenomenological approach to interview a purposeful sample of eighteen collegiate student-athletes (7 males, 11 females; mean age = 20 years) from across the United States. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol, which was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim using Zoom. The data were then analyzed and coded by a 3-person team via the consensual qualitative research tradition.

    Results 

    Four domains emerged after data analysis: 1) ambiguity, 2) perspective, 3) bonding and cohesion, and 4) resource utilization. Participants discussed ambiguity in terms of eligibility and participation questions, academic changes, and varying COVID-19 policies. Participants shared a wide range of perspectives, from apprehension at the onset of the pandemic, to excitement when returning to campus and competition. They shared how bonding and team development were affected due to a lack of socialization and that support system dynamics between family, coaches, and teammates were strengthened. When describing resource utilization, participants discussed the use of personnel and supplies to help them adjust to changes in facility and space availability. The identification and utilization of resources enabled them to establish a “new normal” for their academics, workouts, and hobbies during the pandemic.

    Conclusions 

    Collegiate student-athletes realized the seriousness of the pandemic and utilized their resources and support systems to adjust their routines and keep a positive attitude during COVID-19. At the same time, some student-athletes struggled with these changes. Personnel should be aware of these effects to provide care and prevent future negative effects.



    加载中


    Conflict of interest



    All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this paper.

    [1] Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN (2020) The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun 109: 102433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
    [2] Ren LL, Wang YM, Wu ZQ, et al. (2020) Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chin Med J 133: 1015-1024. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000722
    [3] Cucinotta D, Vanelli M (2020) WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed 91: 157-160. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
    [4] Karia R, Gupta I, Khandait H, et al. (2020) COVID-19 and its modes of transmission. SN Compr Clin Med : 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00498-4
    [5] Centers for Disease Control and PreventionHow to protect yourself & others (2020). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention-H.pdf#:~:text=Continue%20to%20keep%20at%20least%206%20feet%20between,your%20elbow.%20Throw%20used%20tissues%20in%20the%20trash
    [6] White HouseProclamation on declaring a national emergency concerning the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak (2020). Available from: https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-declaring-national-emergency-concerning-novel-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak/
    [7] Moreland A, Herlihy C, Tynan MA, et al. (2020) Timing of state and territorial COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and changes in population movement - United States, March 1-May 31, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69: 1198-1203. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6935a2
    [8] Donohue JM, Miller E (2020) COVID-19 and school closures. JAMA 324: 845-847. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.13092
    [9] National Collegiate Athletic AssociationNCAA cancels remaining 2020 winter and spring championships (2020). Available from: https://www.ncaa.com/live-updates/ncaa-cancels-remaining-winter-and-spring-championships-due-coronavirus-concerns#:~:text=The%20NCAA%20announced%20March%2012%20that%20the%20Division,threat.%20Here%20is%20more%20information%20on%20ticket%20refunds
    [10] Goolsbee A, Syverson C (2021) Fear, lockdown, and diversion: comparing drivers of pandemic economic decline 2020. J Public Econ 193: 104311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104311
    [11] National Conference of State LegislaturesCOVID-19: essential workers in the states (2020). Available from: https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/covid-19-essential-workers-in-the-states.aspx
    [12] Park CL, Russell BS, Fendrich M, et al. (2020) Americans' COVID-19 stress, coping, and adherence to CDC guidelines. J Gen Intern Med 35: 2296-2303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05898-9
    [13] Castañeda-Babarro A, Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Gutiérrez-Santamaría B, et al. (2020) Physical activity change during COVID-19 confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17: 6878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186878
    [14] Wang Y, Cullen KL, Yao X, et al. (2013) Personality, freshmen proactive social behavior, and college transition: Predictors beyond academic strategies. Learn Individ Diff 23: 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.09.010
    [15] Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ma X, et al. (2020) Mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemics and the mitigation effects of exercise: a longitudinal study of college students in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17: 3722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103722
    [16] National Collegiate Athletic AssociationBoard directs each division to safeguard student-athlete well-being, scholarships and eligibility (2020). Available from: https://www.ncaa.org/news/2020/8/5/board-directs-each-division-to-safeguard-student-athlete-well-being-scholarships-and-eligibility.aspx
    [17] National Collegiate Athletic AssociationCollege sports and the coronavirus: latest COVID-19 news, schedule changes (2020). Available from: https://www.ncaa.com/live-updates/ncaa/ncaa-sports-news-schedule-changes-coronavirus-updates-all-sports
    [18] Hill CE, Knox S, Thompson BJ, et al. (2005) Consensual qualitative research: an update. J Couns Psychol 52: 196. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.196
    [19] Sarto F, Impellizzeri FM, Spörri J, et al. (2020) Impact of potential physiological changes due to COVID-19 home confinement on athlete health protection in elite sports: a call for awareness in sports programming. Sports Med 50: 1417-1419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01297-6
    [20] Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, et al. (2020) COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 141: 1648-1655. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941
    [21] Moulson N, Petek BJ, Drezner JA, et al. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 cardiac involvement in young competitive athletes. Circulation 144: 256-266. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054824
    [22] Sahu P (2020) Closure of universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus 12: e7541. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541
    [23] Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. (2020) Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17: 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
    [24] Chandler A, Arent M, Cintineo H, et al. (2021) The impacts of COVID-19 on collegiate student-athlete training, health, and well-being. Transl J Am Coll Sports Med 6: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000173
    [25] Bullard JB (2020) The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being of division III student-athletes. Sport J 22: 1543-9518. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joanne-Bullard/publication/344814552_The_Impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_Well-Being_of_Division_III_Student-Athletes/links/5f919c55458515b7cf965f70/The-Impact-of-COVID-19-on-the-Well-Being-of-Division-III-Student-Athletes.pdf
    [26] Jagim AR, Luedke J, Fitzpatrick A, et al. (2020) The impact of COVID-19-related shutdown measures on the training habits and perceptions of athletes in the United States: a brief research report. Front Sports Act Living 2: 623068. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.623068
    [27] McGuine TA, Biese KM, Petrovska L, et al. (2020) Mental health, physical activity, and quality of life of US adolescent athletes during COVID-19-related school closures and sport cancellations: a study of 13 000 athletes. J Athl Train 56: 11-19. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0478.20
    [28] Şenışık S, Denerel N, Köyağasıoğlu O, et al. (2021) The effect of isolation on athletes' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Phys Sportsmed 49: 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2020.1807297
    [29] Petherick A, Goldszmidt R, Andrade EB, et al. (2021) A worldwide assessment of changes in adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviours and hypothesized pandemic fatigue. Nat Hum Behav 5: 1145-1160. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01181-x
    [30] Casali N, Cerea S, Moro T, et al. (2021) Just do it: high intensity physical activity preserves mental and physical health in elite and non-elite athletes during COVID-19. Front Psychol 12: 757150. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.757150
    [31] Hagiwara G, Tsunokawa T, Iwatsuki T, et al. (2021) Relationships among student-athletes' identity, mental health, and social support in Japanese student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18: 7032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137032
    [32] Jukic I, Calleja-González J, Cos F, et al. (2020) Strategies and solutions for team sports athletes in isolation due to COVID-19. Sports 8: 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8040056
    [33] Graupensperger S, Benson AJ, Kilmer JR, et al. (2020) Social (un)distancing: teammate interactions, athletic identity, and mental health of student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adolesc Health 67: 662-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.001
    [34] Armstrong S, Oomen-Early J (2009) Social connectedness, self-esteem, and depression symptomatology among collegiate athletes versus nonathletes. J Am Coll Health 57: 521-526. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.57.5.521-526
    [35] Sullivan M, Moore M, Blom LC, et al. (2020) Relationship between social support and depressive symptoms in collegiate student athletes. J Study Sports Athl 14: 192-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2020.1768034
    [36] Yang J, Schaefer JT, Zhang N, et al. (2014) Social support from the athletic trainer and symptoms of depression and anxiety at return to play. J Athl Train 49: 773-779. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.65
    [37] Judge LW, Bellar D, Blom LC, et al. (2012) Perceived social support from strength and conditioning coaches among injured student athletes. J Strength Cond Res 26: 1154-1161. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822e008b
    [38] Kovacs MS, Pritchett R, Wickwire PJ, et al. (2007) Physical performance changes after unsupervised training during the autumn/spring semester break in competitive tennis players. Br J Sports Med 41: 705-710. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.035436
    [39] Joo CH (2018) The effects of short term detraining and retraining on physical fitness in elite soccer players. PLoS One 13: e0196212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196212
    [40] Wells M, Mitchell KJ, Finkelhor D, et al. (2007) Online mental health treatment: concerns and considerations. Cyberpsychol Behav 10: 453-459. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9933
    [41] Reay RE, Looi JC, Keightley P (2020) Telehealth mental health services during COVID-19: summary of evidence and clinical practice. Australas Psychiatry 28: 514-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856220943032
    [42] Szczypińska M, Samełko A, Guszkowska M (2021) Strategies for coping with stress in athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic and their predictors. Front Psychol 12: 624949. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624949
    [43] Morse KF, Fine PA, Friedlander KJ (2021) Creativity and leisure during COVID-19: examining the relationship between leisure activities, motivations, and psychological well-being. Front Psychol 12: 609967. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.609967
    [44] Christensen N, van Woerden I, Aubuchon-Endsley NL, et al. (2021) Diet quality and mental health status among division 1 female collegiate athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18: 13377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413377
  • publichealth-09-02-025-s001.pdf
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2022 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(3539) PDF downloads(220) Cited by(4)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Tables(3)

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog