A rapid review of recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination for COVID-19

Srikanth Umakanthan; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Anu V Ranade; Debasmita Das; Abhishekh Basavarajegowda; Maryann Bukelo; Srikanth Umakanthan; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Anu V Ranade; Debasmita Das; Abhishekh Basavarajegowda; Maryann Bukelo

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2021011

AIMS Public Health

2021, Volume 8, Issue 1: 137-153. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2021011

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Review Special Issues

A rapid review of recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination for COVID-19

1.
Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
2.
Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
3.
Division of Occupational Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2C5, Canada
4.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, USA
5.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nuvance Health Danbury Hospital Campus, Connecticut, Zip 06810, USA
6.
Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, PIN-605006, India
7.
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

Received: 29 November 2020 Accepted: 26 January 2021 Published: 01 February 2021

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, Hubei province, Central China, in December 2019 and since then has spread rapidly, resulting in a severe pandemic. The infected patient presents with varying non-specific symptoms requiring an accurate and rapid diagnostic tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. This is followed by effective patient isolation and early treatment initiation ranging from supportive therapy to specific drugs such as corticosteroids, antiviral agents, antibiotics, and the recently introduced convalescent plasma. The development of an efficient vaccine has been an on-going challenge by various nations and research companies. A literature search was conducted in early December 2020 in all the major databases such as Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines. The findings are discussed in three main thematic areas namely diagnostic approaches, therapeutic options, and potential vaccines in various phases of development. Therefore, an effective and economical vaccine remains the only retort to combat COVID-19 successfully to save millions of lives during this pandemic. However, there is a great scope for further research in discovering cost-effective and safer therapeutics, vaccines and strategies to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 prevention and treatment services.
- coronavirus,
- genome,
- diagnosis,
- therapy,
- vaccine,
- Antigen test,
- BCG,
- Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
Citation: Srikanth Umakanthan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Anu V Ranade, Debasmita Das, Abhishekh Basavarajegowda, Maryann Bukelo. A rapid review of recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination for COVID-19[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2021, 8(1): 137-153. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2021011

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Abstract

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, Hubei province, Central China, in December 2019 and since then has spread rapidly, resulting in a severe pandemic. The infected patient presents with varying non-specific symptoms requiring an accurate and rapid diagnostic tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. This is followed by effective patient isolation and early treatment initiation ranging from supportive therapy to specific drugs such as corticosteroids, antiviral agents, antibiotics, and the recently introduced convalescent plasma. The development of an efficient vaccine has been an on-going challenge by various nations and research companies. A literature search was conducted in early December 2020 in all the major databases such as Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines. The findings are discussed in three main thematic areas namely diagnostic approaches, therapeutic options, and potential vaccines in various phases of development. Therefore, an effective and economical vaccine remains the only retort to combat COVID-19 successfully to save millions of lives during this pandemic. However, there is a great scope for further research in discovering cost-effective and safer therapeutics, vaccines and strategies to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 prevention and treatment services.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Shajan K Varghese (Graphic designer) for providing the image.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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