In vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of crude extract and fractions of Trichoscypha acuminata stem bark, Spathodea campanulata flowers, and Ficus elastica lianas on Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Jean Emmanuel Mbosso Teinkela; Philippe Belle Ebanda Kedi; Jean Baptiste Hzounda Fokou; Michelle Isaacs; Lisette Pulchérie Yoyo Ngando; Gaelle Wea Tchepnou; Hassan Oumarou; Xavier Siwe Noundou; Jean Emmanuel Mbosso Teinkela; Philippe Belle Ebanda Kedi; Jean Baptiste Hzounda Fokou; Michelle Isaacs; Lisette Pulchérie Yoyo Ngando; Gaelle Wea Tchepnou; Hassan Oumarou; Xavier Siwe Noundou

doi:10.3934/molsci.2024005

AIMS Molecular Science

2024, Volume 11, Issue 1: 63-71. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2024005

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In vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of crude extract and fractions of Trichoscypha acuminata stem bark, Spathodea campanulata flowers, and Ficus elastica lianas on Trypanosoma brucei brucei

1.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box. 2701 Douala, Cameroon
2.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box. 2701 Douala, Cameroon
3.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
4.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218 MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa

Received: 29 September 2023 Revised: 23 January 2024 Accepted: 23 January 2024 Published: 06 February 2024

The low therapeutic index of available trypanocidal drugs and the increasing emergence of resistant Trypanosoma parasites indicate the urgent need to develop new strategies for trypanosomiasis control. One such strategy is the screening of medicinal plants as sources of new lead compounds. Trypanosoma brucei brucei is a sub-species only infecting animals and thus largely used to screen anti-trypanosomal potential of various substances. Therefore, the present study investigates the anti-trypanosomal activity of crude extract, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. flowers, Trichoscypha acuminata Engl. stem bark, and Ficus elastica Roxb. Ex Hornem lianas using the Alamar Blue assay. Overall results showed that the crude extract of T. acuminata, S. campanulate, and F. elastica did not significantly reduce the viability of Trypanosoma brucei brucei at the tested concentration of 25 µg/mL. However, the hexane and dichloromethane fractions of T. acuminata and the hexane fraction of F. elastica exhibited viability percentages of 23.2 ± 10.5, 18.2 ± 9.7, and 20.1 ± 13.1% with IC₅₀ values of 5.5, 5.0, and 17.5 µg/mL, respectively. Further research to identify compounds responsible for the observed activity and their mechanisms of action towards new leads in parasitical drug discovery is needed.
- Spathodea campanulata,
- Ficus elastica,
- Trichoscypha acuminata,
- anti-trypanosomal activity,
- Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Citation: Jean Emmanuel Mbosso Teinkela, Philippe Belle Ebanda Kedi, Jean Baptiste Hzounda Fokou, Michelle Isaacs, Lisette Pulchérie Yoyo Ngando, Gaelle Wea Tchepnou, Hassan Oumarou, Xavier Siwe Noundou. In vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of crude extract and fractions of Trichoscypha acuminata stem bark, Spathodea campanulata flowers, and Ficus elastica lianas on Trypanosoma brucei brucei[J]. AIMS Molecular Science, 2024, 11(1): 63-71. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2024005

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Abstract

The low therapeutic index of available trypanocidal drugs and the increasing emergence of resistant Trypanosoma parasites indicate the urgent need to develop new strategies for trypanosomiasis control. One such strategy is the screening of medicinal plants as sources of new lead compounds. Trypanosoma brucei brucei is a sub-species only infecting animals and thus largely used to screen anti-trypanosomal potential of various substances. Therefore, the present study investigates the anti-trypanosomal activity of crude extract, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. flowers, Trichoscypha acuminata Engl. stem bark, and Ficus elastica Roxb. Ex Hornem lianas using the Alamar Blue assay. Overall results showed that the crude extract of T. acuminata, S. campanulate, and F. elastica did not significantly reduce the viability of Trypanosoma brucei brucei at the tested concentration of 25 µg/mL. However, the hexane and dichloromethane fractions of T. acuminata and the hexane fraction of F. elastica exhibited viability percentages of 23.2 ± 10.5, 18.2 ± 9.7, and 20.1 ± 13.1% with IC₅₀ values of 5.5, 5.0, and 17.5 µg/mL, respectively. Further research to identify compounds responsible for the observed activity and their mechanisms of action towards new leads in parasitical drug discovery is needed.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa for the anti-trypanosomal tests.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest in this manuscript.

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