Rat-Bite Fever due to the genus <i>Streptobacillus</i>

Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi; Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2024040

AIMS Microbiology

2024, Volume 10, Issue 4: 917-943. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2024040

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Review

Rat-Bite Fever due to the genus Streptobacillus

Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi ^{1,2
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1.
Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
2.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Received: 08 February 2024 Revised: 10 July 2024 Accepted: 14 October 2024 Published: 05 November 2024

Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a zoonotic infection and systemic febrile illness transmitted to humans by Rattus spp. contacts following a scratch, bite, or touching excrement, such as urine, feces, and oral secretions. Infection with members of the genus Streptobacillus is the most common cause of this infectious disease. In this review article, we updated the knowledge on the RBF caused by the genus Streptobacillus based on the isolation and identification methods, virulence factors, clinical signs, differential diagnoses, antibiogram, treatment, geographical distribution, and epidemiology. Moreover, the present paper's comprehensive analysis of over 200 infection cases attributed to this genus, spanning from 1915 to 2023, sheds light on its epidemiology and provides valuable insights for the future.
- Streptobacillus,
- rat-bite fever,
- rodent,
- treatment,
- zoonotic infection,
- PCR,
- Haverhill fever
Citation: Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi. Rat-Bite Fever due to the genus Streptobacillus[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2024, 10(4): 917-943. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2024040

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Abstract

Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a zoonotic infection and systemic febrile illness transmitted to humans by Rattus spp. contacts following a scratch, bite, or touching excrement, such as urine, feces, and oral secretions. Infection with members of the genus Streptobacillus is the most common cause of this infectious disease. In this review article, we updated the knowledge on the RBF caused by the genus Streptobacillus based on the isolation and identification methods, virulence factors, clinical signs, differential diagnoses, antibiogram, treatment, geographical distribution, and epidemiology. Moreover, the present paper's comprehensive analysis of over 200 infection cases attributed to this genus, spanning from 1915 to 2023, sheds light on its epidemiology and provides valuable insights for the future.

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank the Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences for their continuous support.

Author contributions

Conceptualization, M.FB; writing, M.FB; writing-review and editing, M.FB.

Conflict of interest

The author declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

This research received no funding.

Use of AI tools declaration

The author declares he has not used Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in the creation of this article

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