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AIMS Medical Science

2022, Volume 9, Issue 2: 348-361. doi: 10.3934/medsci.2022016
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Non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, screening, diagnosis, and treatment

  • Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
  • Received: 16 January 2022 Revised: 20 May 2022 Accepted: 22 May 2022 Published: 26 May 2022

  • Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and is also one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths. The 5-year survival rate depends largely on stage at diagnosis. Multiple large randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the clinical utility of lung cancer screening. Low dose computed tomography is recommended for lung cancer screening in several guidelines. Lung cancer is often diagnosed at more advanced stages owing to the nonspecific symptoms with which it presents. Diagnosis relies primarily upon imaging and biopsy. Diagnosis and staging should be performed simultaneously, if possible, by performing a biopsy at the site that will confer the highest stage. Sufficient material should be obtained to allow for molecular testing. Liquid biopsy may have a complementary role in detecting actionable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Treatment is predicated upon stage and may involve surgery, targeted chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or some combination thereof.

    Citation: Anuj A. Shukla, Shreya Podder, Sana R. Chaudry, Bryan S. Benn, Jonathan S. Kurman. Non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, screening, diagnosis, and treatment[J]. AIMS Medical Science, 2022, 9(2): 348-361. doi: 10.3934/medsci.2022016

    Related Papers:

  • Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and is also one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths. The 5-year survival rate depends largely on stage at diagnosis. Multiple large randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the clinical utility of lung cancer screening. Low dose computed tomography is recommended for lung cancer screening in several guidelines. Lung cancer is often diagnosed at more advanced stages owing to the nonspecific symptoms with which it presents. Diagnosis relies primarily upon imaging and biopsy. Diagnosis and staging should be performed simultaneously, if possible, by performing a biopsy at the site that will confer the highest stage. Sufficient material should be obtained to allow for molecular testing. Liquid biopsy may have a complementary role in detecting actionable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Treatment is predicated upon stage and may involve surgery, targeted chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or some combination thereof.

    Abbreviations

    CISNET

    Cancer intervention and surveillance modeling network

         CT

    Computed tomography

         ctDNA

    Circulating tumor DNA

         EBUS

    Endobronchial ultrasound

         EBUS-NA

    Endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration

         EGFR

    Epidermal growth factor receptor

         ESTS

    European Society of Thoracic Surgeons

         EUS-NA

    Endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration

         IASLC

    International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer

         LDCT

    Low-dose computed tomography

         NCCN

    National Comprehensive Cancer Network

         NELSON

    Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening trial

         NILE

    Non-invasive versus invasive evaluation

         NLST

    National Lung Cancer Screen Trial

         NSCLC

    Non-small cell lung cancer

         PD-L1

    Programmed cell death ligand

         PET

    Positron emission tomography

         RCTs

    Randomized controlled trials

         RT

    Radiation therapy

         SEER

    Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results

         TBNA

    Transbronchial needle aspiration

         TKI

    Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

         TNM

    Tumor-node-metastasis

         USPTF

    United States Preventative Service Task Force

         WHO

    World Health Organization
    加载中


    Authors' contributions


    All authors participated in the conception and writing of this manuscript.

    Conflict of interest


    All authors have no conflicts of interest.

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