Soluble Fas ligand (sFasL, sCD95L) and its specific soluble binders, soluble Fas receptor (sFas, sCD95) and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), have been investigated as possible clinical biomarkers in many serious diseases. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the current state of this medically promising research by extensively examining the relevant literature. The summarized results of the survey are presented after classification into six categories according to the type of targeted disease. To date, the studies have been mainly devoted to the diagnosis of disease severity states and prognosis of treatments about various types of cancers and autoimmune diseases represented by autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, because these important life-threatening or intractable diseases were suggested to be most relevant to the impairment of apoptotic cell death-inducing systems, including the Fas receptor-mediated signaling system, and the mechanisms responsible for their onset. However, various more general inflammation-related diseases, including, but not limited to, other autoimmune and allergic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and atopic asthma), infectious diseases (e.g., sepsis and chronic hepatitis), cardiovascular system-specific disorders (e.g., acute coronary syndromes and heart failure) as well as other diseases specific to the renal, hepatic, and respiratory systems, etc., have also been targeted as important fields of research. The data obtained so far demonstrated that sFas, sFasL, and DcR3 possess significant potential in the assessment of various disease states, which can contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions. Although further studies in various relevant fields are essential, it is expected that clinical translation of sFas, sFasL, and DcR3 into practical biomarkers will contribute to effective treatments of a wide variety of diseases.
Citation: Michiro Muraki. Soluble Fas ligand, soluble Fas receptor, and decoy receptor 3 as disease biomarkers for clinical applications: A review[J]. AIMS Medical Science, 2022, 9(2): 98-267. doi: 10.3934/medsci.2022009
Soluble Fas ligand (sFasL, sCD95L) and its specific soluble binders, soluble Fas receptor (sFas, sCD95) and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), have been investigated as possible clinical biomarkers in many serious diseases. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the current state of this medically promising research by extensively examining the relevant literature. The summarized results of the survey are presented after classification into six categories according to the type of targeted disease. To date, the studies have been mainly devoted to the diagnosis of disease severity states and prognosis of treatments about various types of cancers and autoimmune diseases represented by autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, because these important life-threatening or intractable diseases were suggested to be most relevant to the impairment of apoptotic cell death-inducing systems, including the Fas receptor-mediated signaling system, and the mechanisms responsible for their onset. However, various more general inflammation-related diseases, including, but not limited to, other autoimmune and allergic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and atopic asthma), infectious diseases (e.g., sepsis and chronic hepatitis), cardiovascular system-specific disorders (e.g., acute coronary syndromes and heart failure) as well as other diseases specific to the renal, hepatic, and respiratory systems, etc., have also been targeted as important fields of research. The data obtained so far demonstrated that sFas, sFasL, and DcR3 possess significant potential in the assessment of various disease states, which can contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions. Although further studies in various relevant fields are essential, it is expected that clinical translation of sFas, sFasL, and DcR3 into practical biomarkers will contribute to effective treatments of a wide variety of diseases.
Acute-on-chronic liver failure
Acute coronary syndrome
Alzheimer's disease
Adenosine deaminase
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Acute graft-versus-host disease
Apnea-hypopnea index
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Acute kidney injury
Alanine aminotransferase
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Age-related macular degeneration
Acute myocardial infarction
Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation
Acute rejection
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Ascites
Bladder cancer
Body-mass-index
Coronary artery bypass grafting
Coronary artery disease
Cord blood
Coronary collateral circulation
Coronary heart disease
Cirrhosis
Chronic kidney disease
Compensated liver cirrhosis accompanied with portal hypertension
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
SARS-CoV-2 virus
Clinical remission
C-reactive protein
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cardiovascular disease
Decoy receptor 3
Diabetic foot lesions
Death-inducing signaling complex
Diabetes mellitus
Extracellular domain
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin-stimulating agent
End-Stage renal disease
Ebora virus disease
Fas-associating protein with death domain
Fas ligand
Flare
Graves' disease
Graves' hyperthyroidism
Gastrointestinal stromal carcinoma
Graves' ophthalmopathy
Hemoglobin
Hepatitis-B virus
Hepatocellular cancer
Hepatitis-C virus
Hemodialysis
Hydrocephalus
Heart failure
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Human immune-deficiency virus
Head and neck cancer
Hormone replacement therapy
Hypertension
Interferon
Interleukin
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Ischemic stroke
Intrauterine growth restriction
Kawasaki disease
Liver fibrosis
Lupus nephritis
Mild cognitive impairment
Model for end-stage liver disease
Metabolic syndrome
Multiple sclerosis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Non-hemorrhagic
Nonagenarians
Non-resolving subphenotype
Oxygen-gas treatment
Pleural effusion
Post-hemorrhagic
Pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Plasma
Postmenopausal syndrome
Peripartum cardiography
Prostate cancer
Preserved renal function
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Periventricular leukomalacia
Rheumatoid arthritis
Renal cell cancer
Relapsing-remitting MS
Saliva
Sickle cell disease
Synovial fluid
Soluble Fas receptor
Soluble Fas ligand
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sequential organ failure assessment
Serum
Stomach cancer
Tumor necrosis factor
Sjögren's syndrome
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Type-1 DM
Type-2 DM
Tau protein/amyloid β 1-42 ratio
Tuberculosis
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Peak oxygen consumption
Vascular endothelial dysfunction
Werner syndrome
Percent body fat
The area under the curve
Regression coefficient
Correlation analysis
Concordance statistic
Cutoff value
Double determinant immunoassay
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Hazard ratio
Interquartile range
Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry method
Median
Mean
Multiplex array assay
Not described
Not significant
Odds ratio
Probability value
Primer extension assay
Pearson's correlation coefficient
Spearman's correlation coefficient
Determination coefficient
(whole) Range
Receiver operating characteristic curve
Risk ratio
Standard deviation
Standard error of the mean
Western-blotting method
95% Confidential interval
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Figures(1) / Tables(6)
Michiro Muraki. Soluble Fas ligand, soluble Fas receptor, and decoy receptor 3 as disease biomarkers for clinical applications: A review[J]. AIMS Medical Science, 2022, 9(2): 98-267. doi: 10.3934/medsci.2022009
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