Investigating two kinds of cellular alternans and corresponding TWA induced by impaired calcium cycling in myocardial ischemia

Jiaqi Liu; Zhenyin Fu; Yinglan Gong; Ling Xia; Jiaqi Liu; Zhenyin Fu; Yinglan Gong; Ling Xia

doi:10.3934/mbe.2021379

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2021, Volume 18, Issue 6: 7648-7665. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2021379

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Investigating two kinds of cellular alternans and corresponding TWA induced by impaired calcium cycling in myocardial ischemia

Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

^† These authors contributed equally to this paper
Academic Editor: Li Cai

Received: 29 May 2021 Accepted: 26 August 2021 Published: 06 September 2021

Background
The utility of T wave alternans (TWA) in identifying arrhythmia risk has been demonstrated. During myocardial ischemia (MI), TWA could be induced by cellular alternans. However, the relationship between cellular alternans patterns and TWA patterns in MI has not been investigated thoroughly.

Methods
We set MI conditions to simulate alternans. Either prolonging Ca²⁺ release or increasing spark-induced sparks (secondary sparks) can give rise to different patterns of APD alternans and TWA. In addition, different ischemic zones and reduced conduction velocity are also considered in one dimensional simulation.

Results
Delay of Ca²⁺ release can produce discordant Ca²⁺-driven alternans in single cell simulation. Increasing secondary sparks leads to concordant alternans. Correspondingly, morphology and magnitude of TWA vary in two different cellular alternans. Epi ischemia results in alternans concentrating in the first half of T wave. Endo and transmural ischemia lead to fluctuations in the second half of T wave. In addition, slowing conduction velocity has no effect on TWA magnitude.

Conclusion
Specific ionic channel dysfunction and ischemic zones affect TWA patterns.
- alternans,
- Ca²⁺ release,
- TWA,
- ischemia
Citation: Jiaqi Liu, Zhenyin Fu, Yinglan Gong, Ling Xia. Investigating two kinds of cellular alternans and corresponding TWA induced by impaired calcium cycling in myocardial ischemia[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2021, 18(6): 7648-7665. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2021379

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Abstract

Background

The utility of T wave alternans (TWA) in identifying arrhythmia risk has been demonstrated. During myocardial ischemia (MI), TWA could be induced by cellular alternans. However, the relationship between cellular alternans patterns and TWA patterns in MI has not been investigated thoroughly.

Methods

We set MI conditions to simulate alternans. Either prolonging Ca²⁺ release or increasing spark-induced sparks (secondary sparks) can give rise to different patterns of APD alternans and TWA. In addition, different ischemic zones and reduced conduction velocity are also considered in one dimensional simulation.

Results

Delay of Ca²⁺ release can produce discordant Ca²⁺-driven alternans in single cell simulation. Increasing secondary sparks leads to concordant alternans. Correspondingly, morphology and magnitude of TWA vary in two different cellular alternans. Epi ischemia results in alternans concentrating in the first half of T wave. Endo and transmural ischemia lead to fluctuations in the second half of T wave. In addition, slowing conduction velocity has no effect on TWA magnitude.

Conclusion

Specific ionic channel dysfunction and ischemic zones affect TWA patterns.

References

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