A reversible database watermarking method with low distortion

Yan Li; Junwei Wang; Shuangkui Ge; Xiangyang Luo; Bo Wang; Yan Li; Junwei Wang; Shuangkui Ge; Xiangyang Luo; Bo Wang

doi:10.3934/mbe.2019200

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2019, Volume 16, Issue 5: 4053-4068. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019200

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A reversible database watermarking method with low distortion

1.
State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
2.
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Electronic Technology Application, Beijing 100000, China
4.
State University of New York at Buffalo, USA

Received: 18 January 2019 Accepted: 09 April 2019 Published: 07 May 2019

In this paper, a low distortion reversible database watermarking method based on histogram gap is proposed in view of the large gap in histogram of database integer data. By using the method, the tolerance of the attribute column containing all integer data is firstly calculated and the prediction error is obtained according to the tolerance. Then according to the watermark bits to be embedded, the database tuples will be randomly grouped and the histogram can be constructed by using the prediction error. Finally, the histogram correction rule is used to find the histogram peak bin, the number of consecutive non-zero prediction errors on the left and right sides of the peak is obtained, and the histogram shift is performed on the side with a smaller number of non-zero prediction errors, and then the watermark embedding will be realized. The results of the experiments based on the published dataset of FCTD (Forest Cover Type Dataset) show that compared with the existing GAHSW which also considers distortion, the proposed method significantly reduces the number of histogram column shift while embedding the watermarks, greatly reduces the changes to the carrier data, and effectively reduces the database's data distortion caused by watermark embedding.
- database watermark,
- reversible watermark,
- histogram gap,
- data distortion,
- histogram column shift
Citation: Yan Li, Junwei Wang, Shuangkui Ge, Xiangyang Luo, Bo Wang. A reversible database watermarking method with low distortion[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2019, 16(5): 4053-4068. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019200

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Abstract

In this paper, a low distortion reversible database watermarking method based on histogram gap is proposed in view of the large gap in histogram of database integer data. By using the method, the tolerance of the attribute column containing all integer data is firstly calculated and the prediction error is obtained according to the tolerance. Then according to the watermark bits to be embedded, the database tuples will be randomly grouped and the histogram can be constructed by using the prediction error. Finally, the histogram correction rule is used to find the histogram peak bin, the number of consecutive non-zero prediction errors on the left and right sides of the peak is obtained, and the histogram shift is performed on the side with a smaller number of non-zero prediction errors, and then the watermark embedding will be realized. The results of the experiments based on the published dataset of FCTD (Forest Cover Type Dataset) show that compared with the existing GAHSW which also considers distortion, the proposed method significantly reduces the number of histogram column shift while embedding the watermarks, greatly reduces the changes to the carrier data, and effectively reduces the database's data distortion caused by watermark embedding.

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