Research article

Geoethics and dimensions of vulnerability in Central Africa: the case study of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Received: 09 August 2021 Accepted: 25 August 2021 Published: 31 August 2021
  • This article aims to analyse the dimensions of vulnerability in the complex territorial ecosystem of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, considering some substantial geoethical considerations and guidelines, usefull for the resolution of crisis situation. A thematic analysis was carried out on a gathering of secondary data and testimonies. Specifically, the paper will examine the modalities by which the mitigation process of the various vulnerabilities can be realized if implemented in synergy with some geoethical key points. This could contribute to the disaster risk reduction in DRC. Therefore, this paper will ascertain how the promotion of an environmental and ethical responsibility cannot be ignored in the future. It must be recognized that social, physical, environmental, economic, cultural, institutional vulnerabilities are interwined and interdependent. So, for their resolution, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach and the adoption of strategies shared by all the national and international stakeholders and policy makers are required.

    Citation: Francesco De Pascale. Geoethics and dimensions of vulnerability in Central Africa: the case study of the Democratic Republic of the Congo[J]. AIMS Geosciences, 2021, 7(3): 440-456. doi: 10.3934/geosci.2021025

    Related Papers:

  • This article aims to analyse the dimensions of vulnerability in the complex territorial ecosystem of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, considering some substantial geoethical considerations and guidelines, usefull for the resolution of crisis situation. A thematic analysis was carried out on a gathering of secondary data and testimonies. Specifically, the paper will examine the modalities by which the mitigation process of the various vulnerabilities can be realized if implemented in synergy with some geoethical key points. This could contribute to the disaster risk reduction in DRC. Therefore, this paper will ascertain how the promotion of an environmental and ethical responsibility cannot be ignored in the future. It must be recognized that social, physical, environmental, economic, cultural, institutional vulnerabilities are interwined and interdependent. So, for their resolution, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach and the adoption of strategies shared by all the national and international stakeholders and policy makers are required.



    加载中


    [1] Hochschild A (2001) Gli spettri del Congo. Re Leopoldo II del Belgio e l'olocausto dimenticato, Milano, Rizzoli.
    [2] De Pascale F, Jourdan L, Kalenge NC (2018) Introduzione. La Repubblica Democratica del Congo: conflitti e problematiche socio-territoriali, Lago: Il Sileno Edizioni, Geographies of the Anthropocene book series, 10-17.
    [3] De Pascale F, Kalenge NC, Bernardo M (2018) Affrontare la sfida geoetica sulla sicurezza ambientale in aree post-conflitto: il caso-studio della Repubblica Democratica del Congo. La Repubblica Democratica del Congo: conflitti e problematiche socio-territoriali, Lago: Il Sileno Edizioni, Geographies of the Anthropocene book series, 113-128.
    [4] De Pascale F, Kalenge NC (2017) The geoethical emergency on personal and environmental security in post-conflict areas: the case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Firenze: Società di Studi Geografici, Memorie Geografiche, 755-762.
    [5] Oddi E, La Repubblica Democratica del Congo ad un anno dalle elezioni presidenziali, 2020. Available from: https://www.cesi-italia.org/articoli/1072/la-repubblica-democratica-del-congo-ad-un-anno-dalle-elezioni-presidenziali.
    [6] International Rescue Committee (IRC) (2008) Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An ongoing crisis, New York: IRC.
    [7] United Nations, Cartographic Section. Available from: https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/drcongo.pdf.
    [8] Birkmann J, Cardona OD, Carreno ML, et al. (2013) Framing vulnerability, risk and societal responses: the MOVE framework. Nat Hazards 67: 193-211. doi: 10.1007/s11069-013-0558-5
    [9] Birkmann J, Kienberger S, Alexander DE (2014) Assessment of Vulnerability to Natural Hazards. A European Perspective, San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
    [10] Braun V, Clarke V (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3: 77-101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
    [11] Kalenge NC, Bernardo M, De Pascale F (2018) Facing personal and environmental security challenges in post-conflict settings: The case-study of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Sostenibilità e responsabilità dello sviluppo. Approfondimenti geografici, Roma: Aracne, 19-35.
    [12] Di Capua G, Bobrowsky PT, Kieffer SW, et al. (2021) Geoethics: Status and Future Perspectives, London: Geological Society, Special Publications, 8.
    [13] Peppoloni S, Di Capua G, Bobrowsky P, et al. (2017) Geoethics at the heart of all geoscience. Ann Geophys 60: 7. doi: 10.4401/ag-7473
    [14] Bohle M (2019) Exploring Geoethics. Ethical Implications, Societal Contexts, and Professional Obligations of the Geosciences, Cham: Palgrave Pivot.
    [15] De Pascale F, V Dattilo (2021) The Geoethical Semiosis of the Anthropocene: The Peircean Triad for a Reconceptualization of the Relationship between Human Beings and Environment. Ann Am Assoc Geogr 11: 647-654.
    [16] Marone E, Bohle M (2020) Geoethics for Nudging Human Practices in Times of Pandemics. Sustainability 12: 7271. doi: 10.3390/su12187271
    [17] De Ridder M, Ericsson M, Usanov A, et al. (2013) Coltan, Congo and Conflict: Polinares Case Study, Hague, The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, HCSS Report.
    [18] Bandarin F, Il Parco dei Virunga nella Repubblica Democratica del Congo. Il Giornale dell'Arte, 2020. Available from: https://www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/il-parco-dei-virunga-nella-repubblica-democratica-del-congo-/133591.html.
    [19] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2011) The Democratic Republic of the Congo Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment: Synthesis for Policy Makers, Kenya: UNEP.
    [20] WWF, Bacino del Congo, 2021. Available from: https://www.wwf.it/dove-interveniamo/il-nostro-lavoro-nel-mondo/bacino-del-congo/.
    [21] Réjou-Méchain M, Mortier F, Bastin JF, et al. (2021) Unveiling African rainforest composition and vulnerability to global change. Nature 593: 90-94. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03483-6
    [22] Amnesty International, Afrewatch (2016) This is what we die for: Human rights abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo power the global trade in cobalt, London. Available from: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr62/3183/2016/en/.
    [23] UNICEF (2013) To school, not to the mines: Investing in primary education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Available from: www.UNICEF.org/education/drcongo_68298.html.
    [24] Marone F (2018) Con gli occhi dei bambini. Infanzia e diritti. La Repubblica Democratica del Congo: conflitti e problematiche socio-territoriali, Lago: Il Sileno Edizioni, Geographies of the Anthropocene book series, 176-194.
    [25] International Labour Office Conference, 104th Session (2015) Report of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations, Geneva: ILO.
    [26] UN (2015) The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: the 17 Goals. Available from: https://sdgs.un.org/goals.
    [27] Jourdan L (2018) Marginalità giovanile e proliferazione delle milizie. Rappresentazioni e riproduzione della violenza nel Nord Kivu? La Repubblica Democratica del Congo: conflitti e problematiche socio-territoriali, Lago: Il Sileno Edizioni, Geographies of the Anthropocene book series, 99-112.
    [28] Berdal M, Malone DM (2000) Greed and Grievance. Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, Boulder-London: Rienner Publishers.
    [29] Van Acker F, Vlassenroot K (2000) Youth and conflict in Kivu: 'Komona clair". The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance. Available from: http://www.jha.ac/greatlakes/b004.htm.
    [30] Bourdieu P (2013) Cose dette. Verso una sociologia riflessiva, Napoli-Salerno: Orthotes Editrice.
    [31] Jewsiewicki B (1998) Les traumatismes des affirmations identitaires, ou la malédiction de ne être rien. Cah d'É tudes Africaines 38: 627-638. doi: 10.3406/cea.1998.1819
    [32] Human Rights Watch (2002) The War Within the War: Sexual Violence against Women and Girls in Eastern Congo, U.S.: Library of Congress.
    [33] Guderzo G (2021) L'inferno dei bambini soldato in Africa. Africa Rivista. Available from: https://www.africarivista.it/linferno-dei-bambini-soldato-in-africa/188497/
    [34] UNICEF (2021) Programme Education. Every child has the right to go to school and learn. Available from: https://www.UNICEF.org/drcongo/en/what-we-do/education.
    [35] Gugg G (2021) RDC: il governo dichiara la fine dell'epidemia di Ebola nel Nord Kivu. Africa Rivista. Available from: https://www.focusonafrica.info/rdc-il-governo-dichiara-la-fine-dellepidemia-di-ebola-nel-nord-kivu/
    [36] OCHA Services, Reliefweb (2021) COVID-19 RDC-12 juillet 2021. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/covid-19-rdc-12-juillet-2021.
    [37] Hamaguchi H, Zana N (1983) Introduction to Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira. In: Hamaguchi H, Ed., Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: Geophysical Aspects, Sendai, Japan: Tohoku University, Faculty of Science, 1-6.
    [38] Hamaguchi H, Zana N (1990) A great circle distribution of four active hotspots: evidence for deep mantle plumes. Tohoku Geophy J 33: 3-4,251-262.
    [39] Habakaramo P, Mutalegwa G, Kahuranyi J, et al. (2019) Les Volcans des Virunga à l'Est de la République Démocratique du Congo, une perception populaire: un mythe ou une réalité?. In: Gugg G, Dall'O' E, Borriello D, Eds, Disasters in popular cultures, Lago: Il Sileno Edizioni, Geographies of the Anthropocene book series, 102-117.
    [40] Rusangiza BK, Mavonga T, Subira MJ (2017) Analysis of earthquakes swarm and volcanic tremor associated with sismo-volcanic activity at volcano Nyamulagira, Virunga region. Geo Eco Trop 41: 219-232.
    [41] Gugg G (2021) RD Congo, Goma in allarme per l'eruzione del vulcano Nyiragongo. Africa Rivista. Available from: https://www.focusonafrica.info/rd-congo-goma-in-allarme-per-leruzione-del-vulcano-nyiragongo/.
    [42] De Felice F, Colaninno C (2003) Psicologia dell'Emergenza, Milano: FrancoAngeli.
    [43] Barbato R, Puliatti M, Micucci M (2006) Psicologia dell'Emergenza. Manuale di intervento sulle crisi da eventi catastrofici, Roma: Edup.
    [44] UNICEF (2021) Repubblica Democratica del Congo: l'eruzione del vulcano a Goma costringe alla fuga decine di migliaia di famiglie. Available from: https://www.UNICEF.it/media/repubblica-democratica-congo-eruzione-goma-fuga-decine-di-migliaia-di-famiglie/.
    [45] OCHA-RDC (2017) Aperçu des besoins humanitaires. Available from: http://earlyrecovery.global/sites/default/files/drc_hno_2017_1.pdf.
    [46] Kalenge NC, Lupia Palmieri A (2018) Analisi degli impatti degli spostamenti interni forzati sulle Capacità (Capability) degli sfollati congolesi. In: De Pascale F, Jourdan L, Kalenge NC, Eds, La Repubblica Democratica del Congo: conflitti e problematiche socio-territoriali, Lago: Il Sileno Edizioni, Geographies of the Anthropocene book series, 84-98.
    [47] NASA Earth Observatory, Images. Available from: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/8291/nyamuragira-and-nyiragongo.
    [48] Dattilo V (2018) La questione del mancato riconoscimento durante le guerre della Repubblica Democratica del Congo. In: De Pascale F, Jourdan L, Kalenge NC, Eds, La Repubblica Democratica del Congo: conflitti e problematiche socio-territoriali, Lago: Il Sileno Edizioni, Geographies of the Anthropocene book series, Lago, 50-66.
    [49] Jourdan L, Kalenge NC, De Pascale F (2018) Conclusioni: dove va il Congo?. In: De Pascale F, Jourdan L, Kalenge NC, Eds, La Repubblica Democratica del Congo: conflitti e problematiche socio-territoriali, Lago: Il Sileno Edizioni, Geographies of the Anthropocene book series, 212-216.
    [50] Rognoni MS (2021) Repubblica Democratica del Congo: sessant'anni di instabilità. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale. Available from: https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/repubblica-democratica-del-congo-sessantanni-di-instabilita-29416.
    [51] Pope Francis (2015) Lettera Enciclica sulla cura della casa comune - Laudato si', Città del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
    [52] Lugeri FR, Farabollini P (2018) Discovering the Landscape by Cycling: A Geo-Touristic Experience through Italian Badlands. Geosciences 8: 291. doi: 10.3390/geosciences8080291
    [53] Lewis J, Kelman I (2012) The Good, The Bad and The Ugly: Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Versus Disaster Risk Creation (DRC). PLoS Curr 21.
    [54] Le Pivain T (2021) DRC makes strides in adaptation planning and validates a first National Adaptation Plan. PreventionWeb. Available from: https://www.preventionweb.net/news/drc-makes-strides-adaptation-planning-and-validates-first-national-adaptation-plan.
    [55] Greiner AL, Dematteis G, Lanza C (2016) Geografia umana. Un approccio visuale (seconda edizione), Novara: De Agostini Scuola.
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2021 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(2409) PDF downloads(78) Cited by(0)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(3)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog