Research article

Preliminary hydraulic fracturing campaign strategies for unconventional and tight reservoirs of UAE: Case studies and lessons learned

  • Received: 10 May 2023 Revised: 14 October 2023 Accepted: 22 October 2023 Published: 06 November 2023
  • The challenges associated with applying hydraulic fracturing (HF) technology to tight carbonate reservoirs with very low clay content are substantial and demand a unique cost optimization strategy, especially in the context of low oil prices. This study discusses the challenges of applying HF technology to such reservoirs in the UAE. The work presents a comprehensive approach to assess and employ this technology, including a thorough study, a strategic roadmap, screening procedures, a fracturing workflow and strategy and an examination of the distinctive challenges and lessons learned from the process. The primary goal is to formulate a strategy that is applicable to tight and unconventional formations in the UAE, with a strong emphasis on cost optimization. Also, the evaluation methods of the fracturing technologies for these reservoirs were discussed, such as creating valid geomechanical properties to construct a Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) for successful execution and evaluating the reservoir quality. The results showed that conventional acidizing is not effective in stimulating the tight carbonate reservoirs, whereas acid-fracturing has successfully broken down the formation. It was also found that strategic planning, equipment availability, geomechanical studies and building an effective MEM are necessary for obtaining the optimum fracturing design and achieving successful development.

    Citation: Gehad M. Hegazy, Taha Yehia, Omar Mahmoud. Preliminary hydraulic fracturing campaign strategies for unconventional and tight reservoirs of UAE: Case studies and lessons learned[J]. AIMS Energy, 2023, 11(6): 1070-1101. doi: 10.3934/energy.2023050

    Related Papers:

  • The challenges associated with applying hydraulic fracturing (HF) technology to tight carbonate reservoirs with very low clay content are substantial and demand a unique cost optimization strategy, especially in the context of low oil prices. This study discusses the challenges of applying HF technology to such reservoirs in the UAE. The work presents a comprehensive approach to assess and employ this technology, including a thorough study, a strategic roadmap, screening procedures, a fracturing workflow and strategy and an examination of the distinctive challenges and lessons learned from the process. The primary goal is to formulate a strategy that is applicable to tight and unconventional formations in the UAE, with a strong emphasis on cost optimization. Also, the evaluation methods of the fracturing technologies for these reservoirs were discussed, such as creating valid geomechanical properties to construct a Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) for successful execution and evaluating the reservoir quality. The results showed that conventional acidizing is not effective in stimulating the tight carbonate reservoirs, whereas acid-fracturing has successfully broken down the formation. It was also found that strategic planning, equipment availability, geomechanical studies and building an effective MEM are necessary for obtaining the optimum fracturing design and achieving successful development.



    加载中


    [1] King GE (2012) Hydraulic fracturing 101: What every representative, environmentalist, regulator, reporter, investor, university researcher, neighbor and engineer should know about estimating frac risk and improving frac performance in unconventional gas and oil wells. Paper SPE-152596-MS presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 6–8. https://doi.org/10.2118/152596-MS
    [2] Soliman AM, Abdelfattah MH, Yassin MHA (2015) Unconventional reservoir: Definitions, types and Egypt's potential. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283855761_Unconventional_Reservoir_Definitions_Types_and_Egypt%27s_Potential?channel = doi & linkId = 5648e93008aef646e6d21190 & showFulltext = true.
    [3] Mohamed MS, Meguid AA, Wang Q, et al. (2016) Lessons learned from hydraulic fracturing the first exploratory shale gas well in Egypt. Paper SPE-181870-MS presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Hydraulic Fracturing Conference, Beijing, China, 24–26. https://doi.org/10.2118/181870-MS
    [4] Sayed MA, Al-Muntasheri GA, Liang F, (2017) Development of shale reservoirs: Knowledge gained from developments in North America. J Pet Sci Eng 157: 164–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.07.014 doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2017.07.014
    [5] Ibrahim M, Salah M, (2017) Integration of pressure and rate transient analysis for transverse and longitudinal multistage fractured horizontal first unconventional gas well in Egypt. Paper SPE-187420-MS presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 9–11. https://doi.org/10.2118/187420-MS
    [6] Ibrahim M, Mahmoud O, Pieprzica C (2018) A new look at reserves estimation of unconventional gas reservoirs. Paper URTEC-2903130-MS presented at the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC), Houston, Texas, USA, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.15530/URTEC-2018-2903130
    [7] Salah M, Ibrahim M (2018) Unconventional reservoir development in Egypt's Western Desert: lessons learned from the first appraisal wells. Paper URTEC-2902739-MS presented at the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC), Houston, Texas, USA, 23–25. https://doi.org/10.15530/URTEC-2018-2902739
    [8] Mahmoud O, Ibrahim M, Pieprzica C, et al. (2018) EUR prediction for unconventional reservoirs: State of the art and field case. Paper SPE-191160-MS presented at the SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 25–27. https://doi.org/10.2118/191160-MS
    [9] Ba Geri M, Ellafi A, Flori R, et al. (2019) New opportunities and challenges to discover and develop unconventional plays in the Middle East and North Africa: Critical review. Paper SPE-197271-MS presented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 11–14. https://doi.org/10.2118/197271-MS
    [10] Suboyin A, Rahman MM, Haroun M (2020) Hydraulic fracturing design considerations, water management challenges and insights for Middle Eastern shale gas reservoirs. Energy Rep 6: 745–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.03.017 doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.03.017
    [11] Al Mteiri S, Suboyin A, Rahman MM, et al. (2021) Hydraulic fracture propagation and analysis in heterogeneous Middle Eastern tight gas reservoirs: Influence of natural fractures and well placement. ACS Omega 6: 799–815. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c05380 doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05380
    [12] Holditch SA (1979) Factors affecting water blocking and gas flow from hydraulically fractured gas wells. J Pet Technol 31: 1515–1524. https://doi.org/10.2118/7561-PA doi: 10.2118/7561-PA
    [13] Gdanski R, Fulton D, Shen C (2009) Fracture-face-skin evolution during cleanup. SPE Prod Oper 24: 22–34. https://doi.org/10.2118/101083-PA doi: 10.2118/101083-PA
    [14] Salah M, Gabry MA, ElSebaee M, et al. (2016) Control of hydraulic fracture height growth above water zone by inducing artificial barrier in Western Desert, Egypt. Paper SPE-183040-MS presented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 7–10. https://doi.org/10.2118/183040-MS
    [15] Salah M, Bereak A, Gabry MA, et al. (2016) Microseismic monitoring improves hydraulic fracturing diagnostic and optimizes field development in Western Desert, Egypt. Paper OTC-26864-MS presented at the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, USA, 2–5. https://doi.org/10.4043/26864-MS
    [16] Ibrahim AF, Assem A, Ibrahim M (2020) A novel workflow for water flowback RTA analysis to rank the shale quality and estimate fracture geometry. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 81: 103387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103387 doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103387
    [17] Ibrahim AF, Assem A, Ibrahim M, et al. (2020) Water flowback RTA analysis to estimate fracture geometry and rank the shale quality. Paper SPE-199158-MS presented at the SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Virtual, 27–31. https://doi.org/10.2118/199158-MS
    [18] Bunger AP, Zhang X, Jeffrey RG (2012) Parameters affecting the interaction among closely spaced hydraulic fractures. SPE J 17: 292–306. https://doi.org/10.2118/140426-PA doi: 10.2118/140426-PA
    [19] Carter BJ, Desroches J, Ingraffea AR, et al. (2000) Simulating Fully 3D hydraulic fracturing. In: Zaman M., Gioda G., Booker J., Modeling in Geomechanics, John Wiley and Sons, ISBN: 978-0-471-49218-4. Available from: https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi = 31325257142 & searchurl = kn%3Dmodeling%2Bin%2Bgeomechanics%2B2000%26sortby%3D17 & cm_sp = snippet-_-srp1-_-title1.
    [20] Wu Z, Cui C, Jia P, et al. (2022) Advances and challenges in hydraulic fracturing of tight reservoirs: A critical review. Energy Geosci 3: 427–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2021.08.002 doi: 10.1016/j.engeos.2021.08.002
    [21] Britt L (2012) Fracture stimulation fundamentals. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 8: 34–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2012.06.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2012.06.006
    [22] Al-Attar H, Alshadafan H, Al Kaabi M, et al. (2020) Integrated optimum design of hydraulic fracturing for tight hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs. J Pet Explor Prod Technol 10: 3347–3361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00990-6 doi: 10.1007/s13202-020-00990-6
    [23] Maulianda B, Savitri CD, Prakasan A, et al. (2020) Recent comprehensive review for extended finite element method (XFEM) based on hydraulic fracturing models for unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. J Pet Explor Prod Technol 10: 3319–3331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00919-z doi: 10.1007/s13202-020-00919-z
    [24] Li N, Chen F, Yu J, et al. (2021) Pre-acid system for improving the hydraulic fracturing effect in low-permeability tight gas reservoir. J Pet Explor Prod Technol 11: 1761–1780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01129-x doi: 10.1007/s13202-021-01129-x
    [25] Edmonstone G, Martin AN, Turniyazov N, et al. (2020) Operational challenges of hydraulic fracturing of thin, low permeability and highly sour reservoirs in the UAE—A NOC Journey. Paper SPE-202834-MS presented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 9–12. https://doi.org/10.2118/202834-MS
    [26] Taher AK (2010) Unconventional oil exploration potential in early mature source rock kitchens. Paper SPE-137897-MS presented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/137897-MS
    [27] Azzam IN, Taher AK (1993) Sequence stratigraphy and source rock potential of middle cretaceous (upper Wasia group) in West Abu Dhabi. Paper SPE-25577-MS presented at the Middle East Oil Show, Manama, Bahrain, 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/25577-MS
    [28] Al Ameri F, Al-Kaabi M, Al Zarouni A, et al. (2012) First trial in the UAE for proving hydrocarbon productivity potential of unconventional source rocks in Abu Dhabi: a case study. Paper SPE-158196-MS presented at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/158196-MS
    [29] Hegazy GM, Salem AM, Shedid SA, et al. (2013) A new strategy to explore tight oil/gas reservoirs fit for purpose acid fracturing. Paper SPE-164778-MS presented at the North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition, Cairo, Egypt, 15–17 April. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164778-MS
    [30] Chimmalgi VS, Al-Humoud J, Al-Sabea S, et al. (2013) Reactivating a tight carbonate reservoir in the Greater Burgan Field: Challenges, options and solutions. Paper SPE-164248-MS presented at the SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Manama, Bahrain, 10–13 March. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164248-MS
    [31] Asadi MB, Zendehboudi S (2019) Evaluation of productivity index in unconventional reservoir systems: An extended Distributed Volumetric Sources method. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 61: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2018.10.011 doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2018.10.011
    [32] Sun F, Du S, Zhao YP (2022) Fluctuation of fracturing curves indicates in-situ brittleness and reservoir fracturing characteristics in unconventional energy exploitation. Energy 252: 124043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124043 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124043
    [33] Burkholder MK, Coopersmith EM, Schulze JH, (2012) Appraisal excellence in unconventional reservoirs. Paper SPE-162776-MS presented at the SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 30 October–1 November. https://doi.org/10.2118/162776-MS
    [34] White WM (2020) Geochemistry. 2nd Ed., New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-119-43805-2. Available from: https://www.abebooks.com/Geochemistry-White-William-M-Wiley-Blackwell/30753539132/bd.
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2023 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(1206) PDF downloads(72) Cited by(2)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(25)  /  Tables(3)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog