Multi Stakeholders collaboration becomes imperative when a single agency such as the NNPC or the Oil Companies alone cannot adequately address a recurring menace such as oil pipeline disasters. Thus, agencies such as National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), NOSDRA, FMHDSD, Fire Service, Oil Companies, Health and Security agencies, the Media and Academia, as well the Community must seek to promote cooperation in order to achieve successful oil pipeline disaster policy implementation. To achieve this goal efficiently and effectively, a framework for stakeholders* collaboration in the management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria was developed in this study, following a logical path and adopting the use of interviews conducted among the main stakeholders and with industry experts. In a bid to achieve an un-biased opinion, questionnaires and document analysis of data obtained from secondary sources was carried out.
A framework for the mitigation of oil pipeline disasters before, during and after disaster occurrence was developed. The framework captures the relevant stakeholders as well as their roles in disaster mitigation.
Citation: Francis I. Johnson, Richard Laing, Bassam Bjeirmi, Marianthi Leon. Developing a framework for stakeholders collaboration in the management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria[J]. AIMS Energy, 2022, 10(6): 1230-1260. doi: 10.3934/energy.2022058
Multi Stakeholders collaboration becomes imperative when a single agency such as the NNPC or the Oil Companies alone cannot adequately address a recurring menace such as oil pipeline disasters. Thus, agencies such as National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), NOSDRA, FMHDSD, Fire Service, Oil Companies, Health and Security agencies, the Media and Academia, as well the Community must seek to promote cooperation in order to achieve successful oil pipeline disaster policy implementation. To achieve this goal efficiently and effectively, a framework for stakeholders* collaboration in the management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria was developed in this study, following a logical path and adopting the use of interviews conducted among the main stakeholders and with industry experts. In a bid to achieve an un-biased opinion, questionnaires and document analysis of data obtained from secondary sources was carried out.
A framework for the mitigation of oil pipeline disasters before, during and after disaster occurrence was developed. The framework captures the relevant stakeholders as well as their roles in disaster mitigation.
| [1] | OPEC, Nigeria facts and figures, Annual Statistical Bulletin, 2022. Available from: https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/167.htm. |
| [2] | U.S. EIA, Nigeria Energy Outlook, 2019. Available from: https://www.iea.org/articles/nigeria-energy-outlook. |
| [3] | Iwueke EL, Anyarum GO, Fagorite VI, et al. (2019) Entrepreneurship: Characteristics, practices and impacts on Nigeria economy in relation to geosciences. ⅡARD Int J Econ Bus Manage 5: 48–63. |
| [4] | Okoli A, Orinya S (2013) Oil pipeline vandalism and Nigeria's national security. Global J Human Soc Sci 13: 68–75. |
| [5] |
Omeje K (2005) Oil conflict in Nigeria: contending issues and perspectives of the local Niger Delta people. New Political Econ 10: 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563460500204183 doi: 10.1080/13563460500204183
|
| [6] |
Onuoha F (2009) Why the poor pay with their lives: Oil pipeline vandalisation, fires and human Security in Nigeria. Disaster 33: 369–389. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01079.x doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01079.x
|
| [7] | Collins N, Jürgen E (2012) Negative impacts of oil exploration on biodiversity management in the Niger De area of Nigeria. Impact Assess Proj Appraisal 26: 139–147. |
| [8] | Asumi J (2009) Blood oil in the Niger Delta. Special Report 229. United States Institute of Peace. |
| [9] |
Incardona JP, Collier TK, Scholz NK (2010) Oil spills and fish health: Exposing the heart of the matter. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2010.51 doi: 10.1038/jes.2010.51
|
| [10] | Wunder S (2005) Oil wealth and the fate of the forest: A comparative study of eight tropical countries. Taylor and Francis e-Library, 432, London, United Kingdom. |
| [11] |
Rajan SR (2002) Disaster, development and governance: reflections on the 'Lessons' of Bhopal. Environ Values 11: 369–394. https://doi.org/10.3197/096327102129341136 doi: 10.3197/096327102129341136
|
| [12] |
Anifowose B, Lawler DM, van der Horst D, et al. (2012) Attacks on oil transport pipelines in Nigeria: a quantitative exploration and possible explanation of observed patterns. Appl Geogr 32: 636–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.07.012 doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.07.012
|
| [13] |
Musa A, Watanabe O, Matsuoka H, et al. (2018) Real-time tsunami inundation forecast system for tsunami disaster prevention and mitigation. J Supercomput 74: 3093–3113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2363-0 doi: 10.1007/s11227-018-2363-0
|
| [14] |
Osland A (2015) Building hazard resilience through collaboration: the role of technical partnerships in areas with hazardous liquid and natural gas transmission pipelines. Environ Plann 47: 1063–1080. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X15592307 doi: 10.1177/0308518X15592307
|
| [15] |
Godschalk D (2003) Urban hazard mitigation: Creating resilient cities. Nat Hazards Rev 4: 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003) doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003)4:3(136)
|
| [16] | Britton N (2002) A new emergency management for the new millennium. Aust J Emerg Manage 16: 44–54. |
| [17] |
Pearce L (2003) Disaster management and community planning, and public participation: how to achieve sustainable hazard mitigation. Nat Hazards 28: 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022917721797 doi: 10.1023/A:1022917721797
|
| [18] | Chika-Amanze N, Edomaruse C (2007) Nigeria: Vandalism-Federal government opts for underground pipelines. Available from: https://allafrica.com/stories/200710050321.html. |
| [19] | NNPC (2016) Development of Nigeria's oil industry. Available from: http://nnpcgroup.com/NNPCBusiness/BusinessInformation/OilGasinNigeria/DevelopmentoftheIndustry.aspx. |
| [20] |
Onuoha FC (2008) Vandals or victims? Poverty, risk perception and vulnerability of women to oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria. Gender Behav 6: 41–52. https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v6i2.23427 doi: 10.4314/gab.v6i2.23427
|
| [21] |
Onuoha F (2007) Poverty, pipeline vandalism and explosion and Human Security: Integrating disaster management into poverty reduction in Nigeria. Afr Secur Rev 16: 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2007.9627420 doi: 10.1080/10246029.2007.9627420
|
| [22] | UNEP (1999) National Emergency Management Agency (Establishment, etc.) Decree 1999 (No. 12 of 1999). Available from: https://leap.unep.org/countries/ng/national-legislation/national-emergency-management-agency-establishment-etc-decree. |
| [23] | Orji FM (2018) Management of environmental issues in the Nigerian oil-producing region: A framework for stakeholders' collaboration. Doctoral thesis, University of Central Lancashire. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161125249.pdf. |
| [24] |
Rashid AS (2011) Management of farmer-herdsmen conflicts in north-central Nigeria: Implications for collaboration between agricultural extension service and other stakeholders. J Int Agric Ext Educ 18: 60–72. https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2011.18105 doi: 10.5191/jiaee.2011.18105
|
| [25] |
Bodin Ö, Nohrstedt D (2016) Formation and performance of collaborative disaster management networks: Evidence from a Swedish wildfire response. Global Environ Change-human Policy Dimens 41: 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.10.004 doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.10.004
|
| [26] |
Shah I, Mahmood T, Khan SA, et al. (2022) Inter-agency collaboration and disaster management: A case study of the 2005 earthquake disaster in Pakistan. J Disaster Risk Stud 14: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1088 doi: 10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1088
|
| [27] |
Umar M, Wilson M (2021) Supply chain resilience: Unleashing the power of collaboration in disaster management. Sustainability 13: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910573 doi: 10.3390/su131910573
|
| [28] |
Abdeen FN, Fernando T, Kulatunga U, et al. (2021) Challenges in multi-agency collaboration in disaster management: A Sri Lankan perspective. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 62: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102399 doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102399
|
| [29] |
Nguyen D, Fumihiko I, Kanako I (2017) Public-private collaboration for disaster risk management: A case study of hotels in Matsushima, Japan. Tourism Manage 61: 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.003 doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.003
|
| [30] |
Hermansson H (2015) Disaster management collaboration in Turkey: Assessing progress and challenges of hybrid network governance. Public Adm 94: 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12203 doi: 10.1111/padm.12203
|
| [31] |
Sitas N, Belinda R, Georgina C, et al. (2016) Fostering collaboration for knowledge and action in disaster management in South Africa. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability 19: 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.12.007 doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2015.12.007
|
| [32] |
Noran O (2014) Collaborative disaster management: An interdisciplinary approach. Comput Ind 65: 1032–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.04.003 doi: 10.1016/j.compind.2014.04.003
|
| [33] |
Moe T, Gehbauer G, Sentz S, et al. (2007) Balanced scorecard for natural hazard management projects. Disaster Prev Manage 16: 785–806. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560710837073 doi: 10.1108/09653560710837073
|
| [34] | Saeed A, Narimah K (2019) Role of stakeholders in mitigating disaster prevalence: Theoretical Perspective. MATEC Web of Conferences. Available from: https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2019/15/matecconf_iconbee2019_03008.pdf. |
| [35] |
Barnes B, Dunn S, Wilkinson S (2019) Natural hazards, disaster management and simulation: a bibliometric analysis of keyword searches. Nat Hazards 97: 813–840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03677-2 doi: 10.1007/s11069-019-03677-2
|
| [36] | Kvale S, Brinkmann S (2009) Inter Views: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing, Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2009. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14687941100100030608. |
| [37] |
Braun V, Clarke V (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 3: 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
|
| [38] | Yin RK (2018) Case Study Research Design and Methods, 6th Ed. ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing, 2018. Available from: https://cmc.marmot.org/Record/.b5928917x. |
| [39] | Creswell J, Poth C (2017) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. New York: Sage Publications, 2017. Available from: https://www.pdfdrive.com/qualitative-inquiry-research-design-choosing-among-five-approaches-e195306686.html. |
| [40] | Marshall C, Rossman G (2016) Designing Qualitative Research, 6th Edition ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2016. Available from: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1722656115. |
| [41] |
Faehnle M, Tyrväinen L (2013) A framework for evaluating and designing collaborative planning. Land Use Policy 34: 332–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.04.006 doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.04.006
|
| [42] |
Willems T, Van Doreen W (2012). Coming to terms with accountability: combining multiple forums and function. Public Manage Rev 14: 1011–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.662446 doi: 10.1080/14719037.2012.662446
|
| [43] | Buse K, Walt G (2000) Global public-private partnerships: Part Ⅰ—A new development in health. Bull World Health Organ 78: 549–561. |
| [44] |
Lockwood M (2010) Good governance for terrestrial protected areas: A framework, principles and performance outcomes. J Environ Manage 91: 754–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.10.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.10.005
|
| [45] |
Willems T, VanDooren W (2012) Coming to terms with accountability. Public Manage Rev 14: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.662446 doi: 10.1080/14719037.2012.662446
|
| [46] |
Goodman L, Dion P (2001) The determinants of commitment in the distributor–manufacturer relationship. Ind Mark Manage 30: 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00092-9 doi: 10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00092-9
|
| [47] |
Andrews R, Entwistle T (2010) Does cross-sectoral partnership deliver? An empirical exploration of public service effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. J Public Adm Res Theory 20: 679–701. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mup045 doi: 10.1093/jopart/mup045
|
| [48] |
Kasper-Fuehrer EC, Ashkanasy NM (2001) Communicating trustworthiness and building trust in inter-organizational virtual organizations. J Manage 27: 235–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700302 doi: 10.1177/014920630102700302
|
| [49] | Sumaina K (2019) "Thisday Online, " 2019.[Online]. Available from: https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/04/30/nema-stakeholders-to-review-contingency-plan-against-natural-disasters/. |
| [50] | OCHA (2018) ReliefWeb Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/dg-nema-moves-enhance-collaboration-between-nigerian-military-and-agency. |
| [51] | UNDP (1992) Disaster management. Available from: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Disaster_Management. |
| [52] | Sani M (2012) Nigeria: NEMA develops national contingency plan on disaster management. Available from: http://allafrica.com/stories/201206180409.htm1. |
| [53] | Caroline SW, Irene B, Brian J, et al. (2001) Science and technology collaboration: Building capacity in developing countries. Prepared for the World Bank, RAND Science and Technology MR-1357.0-WB. Available from: https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1357z0.html. |
| [54] | Giesen G (2002) Creating collaboration: A process that works. Greg Giesen & Associates, Colorado, United States cited by Camarihna-Matos, L. M., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2008). Concept of Collaboration. Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations, 311-315. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312056980_Concept_of_Collaboration. |
| [55] | Kareko J, Siegel P (2003) Planning for Marine Protected Areas. In: Francis J, et al. (eds.) Training for the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas: a Training Manual for MPA Managers. CZMC/UDSM, WIOMSA, The World Bank, 2003, Page 42. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/doc/pa/tools/Managing%20marine%20protected%20areas%20a%20toolkit.pdf. |
| [56] |
Couillard J, Garon S, Riznic J (2009) The logical framework approach—millenium. Proj Manage J 40: 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20117 doi: 10.1002/pmj.20117
|
| [57] | NEMA, 2010 Annual Report. National Emergency Management Agency. NEMA, Abuja-Nigeria, 2011. Available from: https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/5b3f84874.pdf. |
| [58] | UNISDR (2004) Towards Sustainable Development in Africa—Report on the Status of Disaster Risk Management & Disaster Risk Assessment in Africa. UNISDR, African Union, NEPAD, African Development Bank. Available from: https://www.unisdr.org/2005/task-force/working%20groups/wg-africa/NEPAD-report-may-2004.doc. |
| [59] | Nolte S, Martin, EC, Boenigk S (2012) Cross-sectoral Coordination of Disaster Relief. Bucknell Digital Commons, Bucknell University, 1–34. Available from: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1406&context=fac_journ. |
| [60] | Eide A, Haugstveit I, Halvorsrud R, et al. (2014) Key challenges in multiagency collaboration during large-scale emergency management. Pisa: Italy, 2014. Available from: https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-953/paper5.pdf. |
| [61] | EGASPIN (2002) Containment Procedures and Clean-Up of Spills, para 2.6.3. Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria, Nigeria. Available from: https://www.iea.org/policies/8676-environmental-guidelines-and-standards-for-the-petroleum-industry-in-nigeria-egaspin. |
| [62] |
Comfort LK (2007) Crisis Management in Hindsight: Cognition, Communication, Coordination, and Control. Public Adm Rev 67: 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00827.x doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00827.x
|
| [63] |
Moore S, Eng E, Daniel M (2003) International NGOs and the role of network centrality in humanitarian aid operations: A case study of coordination during the 2000 Mozambique floods. Disasters 27: 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2003.00235.x doi: 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2003.00235.x
|
| [64] | Prizzia R (2008) The role of coordination in disaster management. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420058635.ch5 |
| [65] |
Moynihan DP (2008) Learning under Uncertainty: Networks in crisis management. Public Adm Rev 68: 350–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00867.x doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00867.x
|
| [66] |
Sapat A, Esnard AM, Kolpakov A (2019) Understanding collaboration in disaster assistance networks: Organizational homophily or resource dependency? Am R Public Adm 49: 957–972. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074019861347 doi: 10.1177/0275074019861347
|
| [67] |
Cigler B (2007) The "big questions" of Katrina and the 2005 great flood of New Orleans. Public Adm Rev 67: 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00814.x doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00814.x
|
| [68] |
Kettl D (2006) Managing boundaries in American administration: the collaboration imperative. Public Adm Rev 66: 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00662.x doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00662.x
|
| [69] |
Weiss J (1987) Pathways to Cooperation among Public Agencies. J Policy Anal Manage 7: 94–117. https://doi.org/10.2307/3323353 doi: 10.2307/3323353
|
| [70] | UNEP (2014) Stakeholder Engagement at UNEP. Available from: http://www.unep.org/civil-society/Portals/24105/documents/resources/stakeholder_engagement/Review_of_current_practices_of_stakeholder_engagement_in_multilateral_organisations_30July_2013.pdf. |
Figures(13) / Tables(3)
Francis I. Johnson, Richard Laing, Bassam Bjeirmi, Marianthi Leon. Developing a framework for stakeholders collaboration in the management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria[J]. AIMS Energy, 2022, 10(6): 1230-1260. doi: 10.3934/energy.2022058
DownLoad: