An insight into the biomaterials used in craniofacial tissue engineering inclusive of regenerative dentistry

Tanishka Taori; Anjali Borle; Shefali Maheshwari; Amit Reche; Tanishka Taori; Anjali Borle; Shefali Maheshwari; Amit Reche

doi:10.3934/bioeng.2023011

AIMS Bioengineering

2023, Volume 10, Issue 2: 153-174. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2023011

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An insight into the biomaterials used in craniofacial tissue engineering inclusive of regenerative dentistry

1.
Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), 442001, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
2.
Head of the Department, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown, & Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, DMIHER (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), 442001, Wardha, Maharashtra, India

Received: 03 April 2023 Revised: 18 May 2023 Accepted: 19 May 2023 Published: 02 June 2023

Craniofacial tissue-engineered techniques have significantly improved over the past 20 years as a result of developments in engineering and in material science. The regeneration of the craniofacial tissue is frequently complicated due to the craniofacial region's complexity, which includes bone, cartilage, soft tissue, and neurovascular bundles. It is now possible to construct tissues in the lab using scaffolds, cells, and physiologically active chemicals. For bone repair/augmentation, the biomaterials are classified into natural like “collagen, fibrin, alginate, silk, hyaluronate, chitosan” and synthetic like “polyethyleneglycol, poly-e-caprolactone, polyglycolic acid” and some bioceramics “tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, and the bioactive glasses” along with metals certain (Titanium and Zirconia ) and as this is part of advanced tissue engineering in dentistry there are some bioactive restorative materials like mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine. The newer advanced techniques like 3D printed templates present a framework for achieving the three pillars of tissue engineering: healing, rebuilding and rejuvenation. The field of tissue engineering has recently become interested in 3D printing, also known as “Additive Manufacturing”, which is a ground-breaking technique that allows for the printing of patient-specific scaffolds, medical devices, multiscale, biomimetic/intricate cytoarchitecture/function-structure hierarchies and multicellular tissues in complex microenvironments. Biopolymers use is dependent on meeting the criteria for various scaffolds, including mechanical integrity, thermal stability, chemical composition, along with biological properties. Researchers have developed a revolutionary 4D bioprinting technique using cell traction forces and they are used to develop intricate dynamic structures, smart medical devices, or complex human organs.
- bone repair,
- augmentation,
- scaffolds,
- natural,
- synthetic biomaterial,
- metals,
- restorative material
Citation: Tanishka Taori, Anjali Borle, Shefali Maheshwari, Amit Reche. An insight into the biomaterials used in craniofacial tissue engineering inclusive of regenerative dentistry[J]. AIMS Bioengineering, 2023, 10(2): 153-174. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2023011

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Abstract

Craniofacial tissue-engineered techniques have significantly improved over the past 20 years as a result of developments in engineering and in material science. The regeneration of the craniofacial tissue is frequently complicated due to the craniofacial region's complexity, which includes bone, cartilage, soft tissue, and neurovascular bundles. It is now possible to construct tissues in the lab using scaffolds, cells, and physiologically active chemicals. For bone repair/augmentation, the biomaterials are classified into natural like “collagen, fibrin, alginate, silk, hyaluronate, chitosan” and synthetic like “polyethyleneglycol, poly-e-caprolactone, polyglycolic acid” and some bioceramics “tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, and the bioactive glasses” along with metals certain (Titanium and Zirconia ) and as this is part of advanced tissue engineering in dentistry there are some bioactive restorative materials like mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine. The newer advanced techniques like 3D printed templates present a framework for achieving the three pillars of tissue engineering: healing, rebuilding and rejuvenation. The field of tissue engineering has recently become interested in 3D printing, also known as “Additive Manufacturing”, which is a ground-breaking technique that allows for the printing of patient-specific scaffolds, medical devices, multiscale, biomimetic/intricate cytoarchitecture/function-structure hierarchies and multicellular tissues in complex microenvironments. Biopolymers use is dependent on meeting the criteria for various scaffolds, including mechanical integrity, thermal stability, chemical composition, along with biological properties. Researchers have developed a revolutionary 4D bioprinting technique using cell traction forces and they are used to develop intricate dynamic structures, smart medical devices, or complex human organs.

Abbreviations

3D/3DP

Three-Dimensional printing

CAD

computer-aided design

additive manufacturing

3DP

three-dimensional printing

SFF

solid freeform fabrication

tissue engineering

CCTP

collagen, chitosan and tricalcium phosphate

PLGA

Poly Lactic-co Glycolic acid

GAG

glycosaminoglycan

CaP

Calcium Phosphate

Hydroxyapatite

MSC

Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Chitosan

TCP

Tricalcium Phosphate

BMP

Bone Morphogenetic protein

Silk Fibroin

PBS

phosphate-buffered saline

HFIP

hexafluoroisopropano

NFRCs

natural fibers reinforced composites

CNC

Cellulose nanocrystal

NFC

Nano fibrillated Cellulose

BNC

Bacterial nanocellulose

PEG

Polyethyleneglycol

PCL

Poly-E-Caprolactone

PGA

Polyglycolic Acid

BCP

Bicalcium Phosphate

Titanium

Aluminium

Vanadium

PEKK

Polyetherketoneketone

HEA

High entrophy alloys

Laser cladding

LAAM

Laser-aided additive manufacturing

LC-HEACs

Laser-cladded high-entropy alloy coatings

BAG

Bioactive glass

SiO₂

Silicon Dioxide

Na₂O

Sodium Dioxide

CaO

Calcium Oxide

P₂O₅

Phosphorus Pentaoxide

PEEK

polyetheretherketone

PAEK

polyaryletherketone

BTR

Bone tissue regeneration

Regenerative Medicine

SMPs

Shape Memory Polymers

SMAs

Shape Memory Alloys

PVA

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Use of AI tools declaration

The authors declare they have not used Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in the creation of this article.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

Tanishka Taori: Conceptualization and design of the review article including selection of the topic of article, literature search and acquisition of relevant articles, Analysis and synthesis of the collected literature, including the identification of key themes or trends, writing and editing of all the sections including the drafting of specific sections and sub sections, critical revision of the manuscript.
Shefali Maheshwari: Literature search and acquisition of relevant articles, analysis and synthesis of the collected literature, writing and editing of specific sections.
Anjali Borle: Conceptualization and design of the review article including selection of the topic of article, literature search and acquisition of relevant articles, Analysis and synthesis of the collected literature, including the identification of key themes or trends, critical revision of the manuscript, providing guidance and expertise in the specific field.
Amit Reche: Literature search and acquisition of relevant articles, analysis and synthesis of the collected literature, supervision and coordination of the overall review article project.

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