Research article

Asymmetrical herding in cryptocurrency: Impact of COVID 19

  • Received: 19 May 2022 Revised: 04 June 2022 Accepted: 09 June 2022 Published: 17 June 2022
  • JEL Codes: G14, G41, G12

  • This paper examines the evidence of herding in the revolutionary cryptocurrency market for the period from January 2017 to December 2020. The study employs quantile regression technique for investigating herd behaviour during market asymmetries of rising and falling returns, extreme market returns, high volatility, and the exogenous event of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results provide evidence of pronounced herding during the bull phase, extreme down-markets, and high volatility. These results indicate that herd hunch is prevalent in the cryptocurrency market as investors exhibit imitation while ignoring their own knowledge and beliefs. Also, the phenomenon is more vividly observed during the panic period of COVID-19.

    Citation: Bharti, Ashish Kumar. Asymmetrical herding in cryptocurrency: Impact of COVID 19[J]. Quantitative Finance and Economics, 2022, 6(2): 326-341. doi: 10.3934/QFE.2022014

    Related Papers:

  • This paper examines the evidence of herding in the revolutionary cryptocurrency market for the period from January 2017 to December 2020. The study employs quantile regression technique for investigating herd behaviour during market asymmetries of rising and falling returns, extreme market returns, high volatility, and the exogenous event of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results provide evidence of pronounced herding during the bull phase, extreme down-markets, and high volatility. These results indicate that herd hunch is prevalent in the cryptocurrency market as investors exhibit imitation while ignoring their own knowledge and beliefs. Also, the phenomenon is more vividly observed during the panic period of COVID-19.



    加载中


    [1] Ajaz T, Kumar AS (2018) Herding in crypto-currency markets. Ann Financ Econ 13. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010495218500069 doi: 10.1142/s2010495218500069
    [2] Akinsomi OK, Coskun Ye, Gupta, R (2018) Analysis of herding in REITs of an emerging market: The case of Turkey. J Real Estate Portfolio Manage 24: 65–81. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17977.36961 doi: 10.1080/10835547.2018.12090007
    [3] Amirat A, Alwafi W (2020) Does herding behavior exist in cryptocurrency market? Cogent Econ Financ 8: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1735680 doi: 10.1080/23322039.2020.1735680
    [4] Ballis A, Drakos K (2020) Testing for herding in the cryptocurrency market. Financ Res Lett 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.06.008 doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2019.06.008
    [5] Barnes ML, Hughes AW (2002) A quantile regression analysis of the cross-section of stock market returns. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.458522
    [6] Baur DG, Dimpfl T (2018) Asymmetric volatility in cryptocurrencies. Econ Lett 173: 148–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.10.008 doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2018.10.008
    [7] Baur D, Hong K, Lee A (2018) Bitcoin: Medium of exchange or speculative assets? J Int Financ Mark I 54: 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2017.12.004 doi: 10.1016/j.intfin.2017.12.004
    [8] Bharti, Kumar A (2019) Do market asymmetries affect herd behaviour? Evidence from the Indian equity market. Int J Sci Technol Res 8: 3380–3388.
    [9] Bikhchandani S, Sharma S (2000) Herd behaviour in financial markets: A review. IMF Staff Papers 47: 279–310.
    [10] Bouri E, Gupta R, Roubaud D (2019) Herding behaviour in cryptocurrencies. Financ Res Lett 29: 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.07.008 doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2018.07.008
    [11] Calderón PO (2018) Herding behaviour in cryptocurrency markets. Available from https://arXiv.org/pdf/1806.11348.pdf.
    [12] Chang EC, Cheng JW, Khorana A (2000) An examination of herd behaviour in equity markets: An international perspective. J Bank Financ 24: 1651–1679. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4266(99)00096-5 doi: 10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00096-5
    [13] Cheah ET, Fry J (2015) Speculative bubbles in Bitcoin markets? An empirical investigation into the fundamental value of Bitcoin. Econ Lett 130: 32–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.02.029 doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2015.02.029
    [14] Choi K, Jiang Z, Kang S, et al. (2012) Relationship between trading volume and asymmetric volatility in the Korean stock market. Mod Econ 3: 584–589. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2012.35077 doi: 10.4236/me.2012.35077
    [15] Christie WG, Huang RD (1995) Following the pied piper: Do individual returns herd around the market? Financ Anal J 51: 31–37. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v51.n4.1918 doi: 10.2469/faj.v51.n4.1918
    [16] Coskun EA, Lau CKM, Kahyaoglu H (2020) Uncertainty and herding behaviour: evidence from cryptocurrencies. Res Int Bus Financ 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101284 doi: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101284
    [17] Outlook (2021) Crypto Gets Highest Mentioned on Reddit in 2021; Bitcoin, Ethereum Fall Continues. Available from: https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/business-news-crypto-gets-highest-mentioned-on-reddit-in-2021-bitcoin-ethereum-fall-continues/404712.
    [18] Da Gama Silva PV, Klotzle MC, Pinto AC, et al. (2019) Herding behaviour and contagion in the cryptocurrency market. J Behav Exp Financ 22: 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2019.01.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jbef.2019.01.006
    [19] Economou F, Kostakis A, Philippas N (2011) Cross-country effects in herding behaviour: Evidence from four South European markets. J Int Financ Mark I 21: 443–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2011.01.005 doi: 10.1016/j.intfin.2011.01.005
    [20] Enoksen FA, Landsnes CJ, Lučivjanská K, et al. (2020) Understanding risk of bubbles in cryptocurrencies. J Econ Behav Organ 176: 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.05.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2020.05.005
    [21] Fantazzini D, Nigmatullin E, Sukhanovskaya V, et al. (2016) Everything you always wanted to know about bitcoin modelling but were afraid to ask. Appl Economet 44: 5–24. Available from: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ris:apltrx:0301.
    [22] Fonseca V, Pacheco L, Lobão J (2019) Psychological barriers in the cryptocurrency market. Rev Behav Financ 12: 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1108/rbf-03-2019-0041 doi: 10.1108/RBF-03-2019-0041
    [23] Garcia D, Schweitzer F (2015) Social signals and algorithmic trading of Bitcoin. Roy Soc Open Sci 2. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150288 doi: 10.1098/rsos.150288
    [24] Gerritsen DF, Bouri E, Ramezanifar E, et al. (2020) The profitability of technical trading rules in the Bitcoin market. Financ Res Lett 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.011 doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.011
    [25] Giudici G, Milne A, Vinogradov, D (2020) Cryptocurrencies: market analysis and perspectives. J Ind Bus Econ 47: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-019-00138-6 doi: 10.1007/s40812-019-00138-6
    [26] Glaser F, Zimmermann K, Haferkorn M, et al. (2014) Bitcoin-asset or currency? Revealing users' hidden intentions. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2425247.
    [27] Gurdgiev C, O'Loughlin D (2020) Herding and anchoring in cryptocurrency markets: Investor reaction to fear and uncertainty. J Behav Exp Financ 25: 100271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100271 doi: 10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100271
    [28] Haryanto S, Subroto A, Ulpah M (2019) Disposition effect and herding behaviour in the cryptocurrency market. J Ind Bus Econ 47: 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-019-00130-0 doi: 10.1007/s40812-019-00130-0
    [29] Hwang S, Salmon M (2004) Market stress and herding. J Empir Financ 11: 585–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2004.04.003 doi: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2004.04.003
    [30] Kaiser L, Stöckl S (2020) Cryptocurrencies: Herding and the transfer currency. Financ Res Lett 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.06.012 doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2019.06.012
    [31] Kallinterakis V, Wang Y (2019) Do investors herd in cryptocurrencies–and why? Res Int Bus Financ 50: 240–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.05.005 doi: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.05.005
    [32] Katsiampa P (2017) Volatility estimation for Bitcoin: A comparison of GARCH models. Econ Lett 158: 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.06.023 doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2017.06.023
    [33] Koenker R, Hallock K (2001) Quantile Regression: An Introduction. J Econ Perspect 15: 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.4.143 doi: 10.1257/jep.15.4.43
    [34] Koenker R, Bassett G (1978) Regression quantiles. Econometrica 46: 33. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913643 doi: 10.2307/1913643
    [35] Kremer S, Bick A, Nautz D (2013) Inflation and growth: New evidence from a dynamic panel threshold analysis. Empir Econ 44: 861–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-012-0553-9 doi: 10.1007/s00181-012-0553-9
    [36] Kristoufek L (2013) Bitcoin meets Google Trends and Wikipedia: Quantifying the relationship between phenomena of the internet era. Sci Rep 3: 3415. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03415 doi: 10.1038/srep03415
    [37] Kumar A (2020) An empirical investigation of herding in cryptocurrency market under different market regimes. Rev Behav Financ 13: 297–308. https://doi.org/0.1108/RBF-01-2020-0014 doi: 10.1108/RBF-01-2020-0014
    [38] Lahmiri S, Bekiros S (2020) The impact of COVID-19 pandemic upon stability and sequential irregularity of equity and cryptocurrency markets. Chaos Soliton Fract 138: 109936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109936 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109936
    [39] Lakonishok J, Shleifer A, Vishny RW (1992) The impact of institutional trading on stock prices. J Financ Econ 32: 23–43. https://10.1016/0304-405x(92)90023-q doi: 10.1016/0304-405X(92)90023-Q
    [40] Leclair EM (2018) Herding in the cryptocurrency market. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26154.11204
    [41] Leibenstein H (1950) Bandwagon, snob, and Veblen effects in the theory of consumers' demand. Q J Econ 64: 183. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882692 doi: 10.2307/1882692
    [42] Mai F, Shan J, Bai Q, et al. (2018) How does social media impact Bitcoin value? A test of the silent majority hypothesis. J Manage Inform Syst 35: 19–52. 10.1080/07421222.2018.1440774 doi: 10.1080/07421222.2018.1440774
    [43] Matthews KL (2021) What to know about speculation: When investors buy high-risk assets with the expectation of significant returns. Business Insider India. Available from https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/what-to-know-about-speculation-when-investors-buy-high-risk-assets-with-the-expectation-of-significant-returns/articleshow/84560345.cms.
    [44] Naeem MA, Bouri E, Peng Z, et al. (2021) Asymmetric efficiency of cryptocurrencies during COVID19. Physica A 565: 125562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2020.125562 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125562
    [45] Nakamoto S (2008) Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Available from https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
    [46] Papadamou S, Kyriazis NA, Tzeremes P, et al. (2021) Herding behaviour and price convergence clubs in cryptocurrencies during bull and bear Markets. J Behav Exp Financ 30: 100469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100469 doi: 10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100469
    [47] Philippas D, Philippas N, Tziogkidis P, et al. (2020) Signal-herding in cryptocurrencies. Journal of J Int Financ Mark I 65: 101191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2020.101191 doi: 10.1016/j.intfin.2020.101191
    [48] Pochea MM, Filip AM, Pece AM (2017) Herding behaviour in CEE stock markets under asymmetric conditions: A quantile regression analysis. J Behav Financ 18: 400–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2017.1344677 doi: 10.1080/15427560.2017.1344677
    [49] Puckett A, Yan XS (2008) Short-term Institutional Herding and Its Impact on Stock Prices. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.972254 doi: 10.2139/ssrn.972254
    [50] Rubbaniy G, Polyzos S, Rizvi SK, et al. (2021) Covid 19, lockdowns and herding towards a cryptocurrency market-specific implied volatility index. Econ Lett 207: 110017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110017 doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110017
    [51] Rubin GT, Michaels D, Osipovich A (2018) U.S. Regulator demands trading data from Bitcoin exchanges in manipulation probe. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-regulators-demand-trading-data-from-bitcoin-exchanges-in-manipulation-probe-1528492835.
    [52] Senarathne C, Jianguo W (2020) Herd behaviour in the cryptocurrency market: Fundamental vs. spurious herding. Eur J Appl Econ 17: 20–36. https://doi.org/10.5937/ejae17-22053 doi: 10.5937/EJAE17-22053
    [53] Shaikh I, Padhi P (2015) The implied volatility index: Is 'investor fear gauge' or 'forward-looking'? Borsa Istanb Rev 15: 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2014.10.001 doi: 10.1016/j.bir.2014.10.001
    [54] Shrotryia VK, Kalra H (2021) Herding in the crypto market: A diagnosis of heavy distribution tails. Rev Behav Financ. https://doi.org/10.1108/rbf-02-2021-0021 doi: 10.1108/rbf-02-2021-0021
    [55] Stavroyiannis S, Babalos V (2019) Herding behaviour in cryptocurrencies revisited: Novel evidence from a TVP model. J Behav Exp Financ 22: 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2019.02.007 doi: 10.1016/j.jbef.2019.02.007
    [56] Susana D, Kavisanmathi JK, Sreejith S (2020) Does herding behaviour among traders increase during COVID 19 pandemic? Evidence from the cryptocurrency market, In: Sharma, S.K., Dwivedi, Y.K., Metri, B., Rana, N.P., Re-imagining Diffusion and Adoption of Information Technology and Systems: A Continuing Conversation, Springer, 617: 178–189. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64849-7_17
    [57] Tan L, Chiang TC, Mason JR, et al. (2008) Herding behaviour in Chinese stock markets: An examination of A and B shares. Pac-Basin Financ J 16: 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2007.04.004 doi: 10.1016/j.pacfin.2007.04.004
    [58] Urquhart A (2018) What causes the attention of Bitcoin? Econ Lett 166: 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.02.017 doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2018.02.017
    [59] Velde FR (2013) Bitcoin: A primer. Chicago Fed Letter. Available from: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:fip:fedhle:y:2013:i:dec:n:317.
    [60] Vidal-Tomás D, Ibañez A (2018) Semi-strong efficiency of Bitcoin. Financ Res Lett 27: 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.03.013 doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2018.03.013
    [61] Vidal-Tomás D, Ibáñez AM, Farinós JE (2019) Herding in the cryptocurrency market: CSSD and CSAD approaches. Financ Res Lett 30: 181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.09.008 doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2018.09.008
    [62] Wermers R (1999) Mutual fund herding and the impact on stock prices. J Financ 54: 581–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00118 doi: 10.1111/0022-1082.00118
    [63] Yarovaya L, Matkovskyy R, Jalan A (2021) The effects of a "black swan" event (COVID-19) on herding behaviour in cryptocurrency markets. J Int Financ Mark I 75: 101321–101321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101321 doi: 10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101321
    [64] Yermack D (2015) Is Bitcoin a real currency? An economic appraisal. Available from: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberwo:19747.
    [65] Youssef M (2020) What Drives Herding Behaviour in the Cryptocurrency Market? J Behav Financ, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2020.1867142 doi: 10.1080/15427560.2020.1867142
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2022 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(2290) PDF downloads(206) Cited by(1)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(3)  /  Tables(4)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog