Mast cells (MCs) are a part of the innate immune system and express receptors for microbial and viral pathogens characteristic of this system. The pathological role of MCs has been demonstrated for a number of highly virulent viral infections. The role of MCs and their Fc receptors for IgE in the immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions and in immunocomplex reactions is well-known, although the role of MCs and their Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR) in immunocomplex processes is much less studied. Antibody-dependent enhancement syndrome (ADE) has been observed in a number of viral infections and is associated with greater secondary infection. ADE is enhanced by virus-specific antibodies, which are not involved in the virus penetration into the cell but are capable of forming immune complexes. The role of MCs in ADE is well-established for dengue infection, RSV infection and coronavirus (CoV) infection. The involvement of IgG-mediated mast cell responses in other human viral infections including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. Recently discovered mast cell activation disease is considered one of the causes of severe post-infectious complications in COVID-19. If the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of severe viral infections, including ADE in recurrent viral infection is clarified, these cells and the products they release may serve as promising targets for such therapeutic agents as histamine receptor blockers or membrane stabilizers to prevent possible complications.
Citation: Andrey Mamontov, Alexander Polevshchikov, Yulia Desheva. Mast cells in severe respiratory virus infections: insights for treatment and vaccine administration[J]. AIMS Allergy and Immunology, 2023, 7(1): 1-23. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2023001
Mast cells (MCs) are a part of the innate immune system and express receptors for microbial and viral pathogens characteristic of this system. The pathological role of MCs has been demonstrated for a number of highly virulent viral infections. The role of MCs and their Fc receptors for IgE in the immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions and in immunocomplex reactions is well-known, although the role of MCs and their Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR) in immunocomplex processes is much less studied. Antibody-dependent enhancement syndrome (ADE) has been observed in a number of viral infections and is associated with greater secondary infection. ADE is enhanced by virus-specific antibodies, which are not involved in the virus penetration into the cell but are capable of forming immune complexes. The role of MCs in ADE is well-established for dengue infection, RSV infection and coronavirus (CoV) infection. The involvement of IgG-mediated mast cell responses in other human viral infections including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. Recently discovered mast cell activation disease is considered one of the causes of severe post-infectious complications in COVID-19. If the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of severe viral infections, including ADE in recurrent viral infection is clarified, these cells and the products they release may serve as promising targets for such therapeutic agents as histamine receptor blockers or membrane stabilizers to prevent possible complications.
antibody-dependent enhancement
antigen presenting cells
central nervous system
coronavirus
coronavirus disease
dengue virus
extracellular vesicles
high-affinity IgE receptor
Fc receptors for IgG
inactivated influenza vaccines
interleukin
mast cell
melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5
mast cells extracellular trap
MCs, containing only tryptase
MCs containing tryptase and chymase
MCs containing only chymase
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I
respiratory syncytial virus
rhinovirus
severe acute respiratory syndrome
Toll-like receptors
tumor necrosis factor alpha
vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease
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Figures(1)
Andrey Mamontov, Alexander Polevshchikov, Yulia Desheva. Mast cells in severe respiratory virus infections: insights for treatment and vaccine administration[J]. AIMS Allergy and Immunology, 2023, 7(1): 1-23. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2023001
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