Evaluation of the SNP rs2367563 genotyping test as an adjunctive detection tool for dental metal hypersensitivity

Yasunari Kageyama; Yutaka Shimokawa; Kimihiko Kawauchi; Masafumi Morimoto; Koichi Aida; Tetsu Akiyama; Tsutomu Nakamura; Yasunari Kageyama; Yutaka Shimokawa; Kimihiko Kawauchi; Masafumi Morimoto; Koichi Aida; Tetsu Akiyama; Tsutomu Nakamura

doi:10.3934/Allergy.2021008

AIMS Allergy and Immunology

2021, Volume 5, Issue 2: 92-101. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2021008

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Research article Topical Sections

Evaluation of the SNP rs2367563 genotyping test as an adjunctive detection tool for dental metal hypersensitivity

1.
Takanawa Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
2.
Tokai University Hospital, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
3.
Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Received: 02 March 2021 Accepted: 08 April 2021 Published: 09 April 2021

Background
For the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to dental metals, patch testing has been a gold standard. The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) has also been introduced for clinical use and established as an alternative method for detecting dental metal hypersensitivity. These tests, however, have some problems such as high false-positive/negative rates. In addition, patch testing involves the potential risk of sensitization primed by test allergens. To overcome these problems, we evaluated a genetic method using the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2367563 that was originally identified as a nickel hypersensitivity-associated SNP.

Methods
The efficacy of the rs2367563 genotyping test was evaluated with the LTT as a reference for detecting hypersensitivity to dental metals such as nickel, gold, palladium and tin in 154 Japanese participants.

Results
The rs2367563 genotyping test yielded relatively high sensitivity (62.5–80.0%) and low specificity (21.1–26.9%). The overall sensitivity and specificity were 73.9% and 19.7%, respectively.

Conclusion
Genotyping of the rs2367563 involves only simple PCR-based procedures and enables the rapid screening and risk prediction of hypersensitivity to multiple dental metals without any invasive procedure and potential risk of harmful effects on the subjects. However, rs2367563 genotyping is limited to the adjunctive use due to its low specificity, and further improvement in sensitivity and specificity is needed.
- delayed-type hypersensitivity,
- dental metals,
- lymphocyte transformation test,
- patch testing,
- single nucleotide polymorphism
Citation: Yasunari Kageyama, Yutaka Shimokawa, Kimihiko Kawauchi, Masafumi Morimoto, Koichi Aida, Tetsu Akiyama, Tsutomu Nakamura. Evaluation of the SNP rs2367563 genotyping test as an adjunctive detection tool for dental metal hypersensitivity[J]. AIMS Allergy and Immunology, 2021, 5(2): 92-101. doi: 10.3934/Allergy.2021008

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Abstract

Background

For the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to dental metals, patch testing has been a gold standard. The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) has also been introduced for clinical use and established as an alternative method for detecting dental metal hypersensitivity. These tests, however, have some problems such as high false-positive/negative rates. In addition, patch testing involves the potential risk of sensitization primed by test allergens. To overcome these problems, we evaluated a genetic method using the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2367563 that was originally identified as a nickel hypersensitivity-associated SNP.

Methods

The efficacy of the rs2367563 genotyping test was evaluated with the LTT as a reference for detecting hypersensitivity to dental metals such as nickel, gold, palladium and tin in 154 Japanese participants.

Results

The rs2367563 genotyping test yielded relatively high sensitivity (62.5–80.0%) and low specificity (21.1–26.9%). The overall sensitivity and specificity were 73.9% and 19.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

Genotyping of the rs2367563 involves only simple PCR-based procedures and enables the rapid screening and risk prediction of hypersensitivity to multiple dental metals without any invasive procedure and potential risk of harmful effects on the subjects. However, rs2367563 genotyping is limited to the adjunctive use due to its low specificity, and further improvement in sensitivity and specificity is needed.

Abbreviations

LTT

lymphocyte transformation test

SNP

single nucleotide polymorphism

stimulation index

Acknowledgments

English Language editing and technical review services were provided by BiomEditor (reference: #18420).

Conflict of interest

Yasunari Kageyama, Yutaka Shimokawa, Kimihiko Kawauchi, Masafumi Morimoto, and Koichi Aida are employees of Takanawa Clinic. Tetsu Akiyama and Tsutomu Nakamura are members of the research advisory board of Takanawa Clinic and receive advisory fees from Takanawa Clinic.

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