The relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer on stage of behavioral adoption of breast self-examination

Soo-Foon Moey; Aaina Mardhiah Abdul Mutalib; Norfariha Che Mohamed; Nursyahirah Saidin; Soo-Foon Moey; Aaina Mardhiah Abdul Mutalib; Norfariha Che Mohamed; Nursyahirah Saidin

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2020049

AIMS Public Health

2020, Volume 7, Issue 3: 620-633. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020049

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

The relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer on stage of behavioral adoption of breast self-examination

Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia

Received: 02 June 2020 Accepted: 31 July 2020 Published: 06 August 2020

Background/aim In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. As such, early diagnosis and screening practices are important to increase the survival rate. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the main screening methods for breast cancer. Socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer are amongst the crucial roles in determining women's behavioral adoption in performing BSE. This study aims to assess the relationship of socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer on the stage of behavioral adoption of BSE among Malaysian women in Kuantan, Pahang.
Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 520 women from three different government health clinics in Kuantan and IIUM Family Health Clinic from February to April 2018. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer and its effect on the behavioral adoption of BSE.
Results Significant difference was found between socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral adoption of BSE. However, only breast screening and the best time for screening were found to be significant with the behavioral adoption of BSE and knowledge of breast cancer.
Conclusion It is found that most women in Kuantan, Pahang perform BSE but were still unaware of the importance of performing BSE for early breast cancer detection. This study was expected to enhance women's awareness of the benefits of performing BSE.
- breast self-examination,
- behavioral adoption,
- breast cancer,
- socio-demographic,
- knowledge
Citation: Soo-Foon Moey, Aaina Mardhiah Abdul Mutalib, Norfariha Che Mohamed, Nursyahirah Saidin. The relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer on stage of behavioral adoption of breast self-examination[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2020, 7(3): 620-633. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020049

Related Papers:

Abstract

Background/aim In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. As such, early diagnosis and screening practices are important to increase the survival rate. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the main screening methods for breast cancer. Socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer are amongst the crucial roles in determining women's behavioral adoption in performing BSE. This study aims to assess the relationship of socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer on the stage of behavioral adoption of BSE among Malaysian women in Kuantan, Pahang.

Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 520 women from three different government health clinics in Kuantan and IIUM Family Health Clinic from February to April 2018. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer and its effect on the behavioral adoption of BSE.

Results Significant difference was found between socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral adoption of BSE. However, only breast screening and the best time for screening were found to be significant with the behavioral adoption of BSE and knowledge of breast cancer.

Conclusion It is found that most women in Kuantan, Pahang perform BSE but were still unaware of the importance of performing BSE for early breast cancer detection. This study was expected to enhance women's awareness of the benefits of performing BSE.

Abbreviation BSE: Breast self-examination; IIUM: International Islamic University Malaysia; ASR: age-standardized incidence; CBE: clinical breast examination; TTM: Trans-theoretical Model; EFA: exploratory factor analysis; KMO: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin;
Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all respondents who participated voluntarily in the study. This study was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant (FRGS/1/2017/SKK05/UIAM/02/1).

Conflict of interest

All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this paper.

References

[1]	Loh SY, Chew SL (2011) Awareness and practice of breast self-examination among Malaysian women with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 12: 199-202.
[2]	Akhtari-Zavare M, Juni MH, Ismail IZ, et al. (2015) Barriers to breast self-examination practice among Malaysian female students: a cross-sectional study. SpringerPlus 4: 692. doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1491-8
[3]	Lim GCC, Rampal S, Halimah Y (2008) Cancer Incidence in Peninsular Malaysia 2003–2005. The Third Report of the National Cancer Registry Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: National Cancer Registry.
[4]	Yip CH, Pathy NB, Teo SH (2014) A review of breast cancer research in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 69: 8-22.
[5]	Abdullah NN, Aziz NA, Rampal S, et al. (2011) Mammography screening uptake among hospital personnel in Kuala Lumpur tertiary hospital. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 12: 2643-2647.
[6]	Minhat HS, Mustafa J, Zain NM (2014) The practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among women living in an urban setting in Malaysia. Int J Public Health Clin Sci 1: 91-99.
[7]	Kolutek R, Avci IA (2015) The effect of training and monitoring at home on the knowledge level and practices of married women regarding breast and cervical cancer. J Breast Health 11: 155-162. doi: 10.5152/tjbh.2015.2647
[8]	Agbonifoh JA (2016) Breast self-examination practice among female students of tertiary institutions. J Educ Pract 7: 11-18.
[9]	Gür K, Kadıoğlu H, Sezer A (2014) Breast cancer risks and effectiveness of BSE training among women living in a district of İstanbul. J Breast Health 10: 154-160. doi: 10.5152/tjbh.2014.2046
[10]	Sama CB, Dzekem B, Kehbila J, et al. (2017) Awareness of breast cancer and breast self-examination among female undergraduate students in a higher teachers training college in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 28: 91.
[11]	Obaikol R, Galukande M, Fualal J (2010) Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female students in a Sub Saharan African University. East Cent Afr J Surg 15: 22-27.
[12]	Samah AA, Ahmadian M, Latiff LA (2016) Insufficient knowledge of breast cancer risk factors among Malaysian female university students. Glob J Health Sci 8: 277-285. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p277
[13]	Godfrey K, Agatha T, Nankumbi J (2016) Breast cancer knowledge and breast self-examination practices among female university students in Kampala, Uganda: a descriptive study. Oman Med J 31: 129-134. doi: 10.5001/omj.2016.25
[14]	Tabár L, Vitak B, Chen THH, et al. (2011) Swedish two-county trial: impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality during 3 decades. Radiology 260: 658-663. doi: 10.1148/radiol.11110469
[15]	Al-Naggar RA, Osman MT (2015) Knowledge of breast cancer and its association with preventive practice among Malaysian school teachers. Int Arch Med 8: 1-11.
[16]	Ahmadian M, Samah AA (2012) A literature review of factors influencing breast cancer screening in Asian countries. Life Sci J 9: 585-594.
[17]	Yılmaz M, Sayın Y, Cengiz HÖ (2017) The effects of training on knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer and early diagnosis methods among of women. Eur J Breast Health 13: 175-182. doi: 10.5152/tjbh.2017.3255
[18]	Miri M, Moodi M, Miri M, et al. (2017) Breast self-examination stages of change and related factors among Iranian housewives women. J Health Sci Technol 1: 41-48.
[19]	Masso-Calderón AM, Meneses-Echávez JF, Correa-Bautista JE, et al. (2018) Effects of an educational intervention on breast self-examination, breast cancer prevention-related knowledge, and healthy lifestyles in scholars from a low-income area in Bogota, Colombia. J Cancer Educ 33: 673-679. doi: 10.1007/s13187-016-1133-z
[20]	Sim HL, Seah M, Tan SM (2009) Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices: a survey of 1,000 Asian women. Singapore Med J 50: 132-138.
[21]	Yoo BN, Choi KS, Jung KW, et al. (2012) Awareness and practice of breast self-examination among Korean women: results from a nationwide survey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 13: 123-125. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.1.123
[22]	Nor Afiah MZ, Hejar AR, Looi YK, et al. (2011) Breast cancer screening: How knowledgeable are female staff of a public university? Int Med J Malays 10: 23-30.
[23]	Mohamed NC, Moey SF, Lim BC (2019) Validity and reliability of health belief model questionnaire for promoting breast self-examination and screening mammogram for early cancer detection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 20: 2865-2873. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.9.2865
[24]	Valderrama-Urreta AL, Jiménez-Báez MV, Rodríguez JCE, et al. (2018) Social and demographics factors associated with the breast self-examination (BSE) in women in primary care. J Fam Med Dis Prev 4: 1-6.
[25]	Dewi TK, Zein RA (2017) Predicting intention perform breast self-examination: application of the theory of reasoned action. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 18: 2945-2952.
[26]	Silva PA, Riul SS (2011) Breast cancer: risk factors and early detection “(in Portuguese)”. Rev Bras Enferm 64: 1016-1021. doi: 10.1590/S0034-71672011000600005
[27]	Dündar PE, Özmen D, Öztürk B, et al. (2006) The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of women in a rural area in western Turkey. BMC Cancer 6: 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-43
[28]	Al-Dubai SAR, Ganasegeran K, Alabsi AM, et al. (2012) Exploration of barriers to breast-self examination among urban women in Shah Alam, Malaysia: a cross sectional study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 13: 1627-1632. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.4.1627
[29]	Ali R, Mathew A, Rajan B (2008) Effects of socio-economic and demographic factors in delayed reporting and late-stage presentation among patients with breast cancer in a major cancer hospital in South India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 9: 703-707.
[30]	Ghazali SM, Othman Z, Cheong KC, et al. (2013) Non-practice of breast self examination and marital status are associated with delayed presentation with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14: 1141-1145. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.2.1141
[31]	Oluwatosin OA (2010) Assessment of women's risk factors for breast cancer and predictors of the practice of breast examination in two rural areas near Ibadan, Nigeria. Cancer Epidemiol 34: 425-428. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.04.005
[32]	Paul S, Solanki PP, Shahi UP, et al. (2015) Epidemiological Study on Breast Cancer Associated Risk Factors and Screening Practices among Women in the Holy City of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 16: 8163-8171. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.18.8163
[33]	Hajian-Tilaki K, Auladi S (2015) Awareness, attitude, and practice of breast cancer screening women, and the associated socio-demographic characteristics, in Northern Iran. Iran J Cancer Prev 8: e3429. doi: 10.17795/ijcp.3429
[34]	Al-Naggar RA, Al-Naggar DH, Bobryshev YV, et al. (2011) Practice and barriers toward breast self-examination among young Malaysian women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 12: 1173-1178.
[35]	Abolfotouh MA, BaniMustafa AA, Mahfouz AA, et al. (2015) Using the health belief model to predict breast self-examination among Saudi women. BMC Public Health 15: 1163. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2510-y
[36]	Yılmaz D, Bebiş H, Ortabağ T (2013) Determining the awareness of and compliance with breast cancer screening among Turkish residential women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14: 3281-3288. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.5.3281
[37]	Al-Azmy SF, Alkhabbaz A, Almutawa HA, et al. (2013) Practicing breast self-examination among women attending primary health care in Kuwait. Alexandria J Med 49: 281-286. doi: 10.1016/j.ajme.2012.08.009
[38]	Sani AM, Yau SL (2018) Relationship between knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female workers in Sokoto, Nigeria. Obstet Gynecol Int J 9: 157-162.

publichealth-07-03-049-s001.pdf

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2020 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)