Citation: Ibrahim Thamer Nazzal, Mohammed kamil. Energy and exergy analysis of spark ignited engine fueled with Gasoline-Ethanol-Butanol blends[J]. AIMS Energy, 2020, 8(6): 1007-1028. doi: 10.3934/energy.2020.6.1007
[1] | Jascues KA, LyonsTP, Kelsall DR (2003) The Alcohol Textbook, Nottingham, NG11 0AX, United Kingdom, Nottingham University Press. |
[2] | Merola SS, Tornatore C, Iannuzzi SE, et al. (2014) Combustion process investigation in a high speed diesel engine fuelled with n-butanol diesel blend by conventional methods and optical diagnostics. Renewable Energy 64: 225-237. |
[3] | Rakopoulos DC, Rakopoulos CD, Giakoumis EG, et al. (2014) Influence of properties of various common bio-fuels on the combustion and emission characteristics of high-speed DI (direct injection) diesel engine: Vegetable oil, bio-diesel, ethanol, n-butanol, diethyl ether. Energy 73: 354-366. |
[4] | Rakopoulos CD, Kyritsis DC (2016) Butanol or DEE blends with either straight vegetable oil or biodiesel excluding fossil fuel: Comparative effects on diesel engine combustion attributes, cyclic variability and regulated emissions trade-off. Energy 115: 314-325. |
[5] | Chen R, Chiang L, Chen C, et al. (2011) Cold-start emissions of an SI engine using ethanol-gasoline blended fuel. Appl Therm Eng 31: 1463-1467. |
[6] | Schifter I, Diaz L, Rodriguez R, et al. (2011) Combustion and emissions behavior for ethanol-gasoline blends in a single cylinder engine. Fuel 90: 3586-3592. |
[7] | Gravalos I, Moshou D, Gialamas T, et al. (2013) Emissions characteristics of spark ignition engine operating on lower e higher molecular mass alcohol blended gasoline fuels. Renewable Energy 50: 27-32. |
[8] | Varol Y, Öner C, Öztop HF, et al. (2014) Comparison of Methanol, Ethanol, or n-Butanol Blending with unleaded gasoline on exhaust emissions of an SI engine. Energy Sources, Part A Recover, Util, Environ Eff 36: 938-948. |
[9] | Masum BM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, et al. (2013) Effect of ethanol-gasoline blend on NOx emission in SI engine. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 24: 209-222. |
[10] | Roehr M (2001) The Biotechnology of Ethanol Classical and Future Applications, Technische Universitat Getreidemarkt 9/12 1060 Wien Austria, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. |
[11] | Al-Hasan M (2003) Effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission. Energy Convers Manag 44: 1547-1561. |
[12] | Yucesu HS, Topgul T, Çınar C, et al. (2006) Effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different compression ratios. Appl Therm Eng 26: 2272-2278. |
[13] | Osman MM, Matarl MS, Koreis S (1993) Effect of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (Mtbe) as a gasoline additive on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Fuel Sci Technol Int 11: 37-41. |
[14] | Abu-Zaid M, Badran O, Yamin J (2004) Effect of methanol addition on the performance of spark ignition engines. Energy Fuels 18: 312-315. |
[15] | Wu C, Chen R, Pu J, et al. (2004) The influence of air-fuel ratio on engine performance and pollutant emission of an SI engine using ethanol-gasoline-blended fuels. Atmos Environ 38: 7093-7100. |
[16] | Dernotte J, Rousselle C, Halter F, et al. (2010) Evaluation of Butanol-Gasoline blends in a port Fuel-injection, Spark-Ignition engine. Oil Gas Sci Technol 65: 345-351. |
[17] | Nazzal IT (2011) Experimental study of gasoline-alcohol blends on performance of internal combustion engine. Eur J Sci Res 52. |
[18] | Balki KM, Sayin C, Canakci M (2014) The effect of different alcohol fuels on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine. Fuel 115: 901-906. |
[19] | Elfasakhany A (2015) Investigations on the effects of ethanol-methanol-gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine : Performance and emissions analysis. Eng Sci Technol Int J 18: 713-719. |
[20] | Tornatore C, Irimescu A, Marchitto L, et al. (2015) Combustion process analysis in a DISI engine fuelled with N-Butanol through UV-VIS emission spectroscopy. IACSIT Int J Eng Technol 7. |
[21] | Siwale L, Kristóf L, Bereczky A, et al. (2014) Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol additive in methanol-gasoline blend fi red in a naturally-aspirated spark ignition engine. Fuel Process Technol 118: 318-326. |
[22] | Elfasakhany A (2016) Experimental study of dual n-butanol and iso-butanol additives on spark-ignition engine performance and emissions. Fuel 163: 166-174. |
[23] | Irimescu A, Merola SS, Iorio S Di, et al. (2018) Investigation on the e ff ects of butanol and ethanol fueling on combustion and PM emissions in an optically accessible DISI engine. Fuel 216: 121-141. |
[24] | Saraswat M, Ram N (2020) Comparative assessment of butanol and algae oil as alternate fuel for SI engines. Eng Sci Technol Int J 23: 92-100. |
[25] | Ptasinski KJ (2016) Efficiency of Biomass Energy An Exergy Approach to Biofuels, Power, and Biorefinerie, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons. |
[26] | Barclay FJ (2006) Fuel Cells, Engines and An Exergy Approach, West Sussex, England, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
[27] | Rakopoulos CD (1993) Evaluation of a spark ignition engine cycle using first and second law analysis techniques. Energy Convers Mgmt 34: 1299-1314. |
[28] | Rakopoulos CD, Kyritsis DC (2001) Comparative second-law analysis of internal combustion engine operation for methane, methanol, and dodecane fuels. Energy 26: 705-722. |
[29] | Rakopoulos CD, Kyritsis DC (2006) Hydrogen enrichment effects on the second law analysis of natural and landfill gas combustion in engine cylinders. Int J Hydrogen Energy 31: 1384-1393. |
[30] | Rakopoulos CD, Scott MA, Kyritsis DC, et al. (2008) Availability analysis of hydrogen/natural gas blends combustion in internal combustion engines. Energy 33: 248-255. |
[31] | İsmet S, Atilla B (2008) Exergy analysis of SI engines. Int J Exergy 15: 204-2015. |
[32] | Nazzal IT, Rashad R, Aldoury J (2019) Exergy and energy analysis of diesel engine fuelled with diesel and diesel—Corn oil blends. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci 63: 92-106. |
[33] | Alasfour FN (1997) Butanol—A single-cylinder engine study: Availability analysis. Appl Therm Eng 17: 537-549. |
[34] | Sayin C, Hosoz M, Canakci M, et al. (2006) Energy and exergy analyses of a gasoline engine. Int J Energy Res 31. |
[35] | Ameri M, Kiaahmadi F, Khanaki M, et al. (2010) Energy and exergy analyses of a spark-ignition engine. Int J Exergy 7: 547-563. |
[36] | Sezer I, Bilgin A (2013) Effects of charge properties on exergy balance in spark ignition engines. Fuel 112: 523-530. |
[37] | Kiani M, Kiani D, Rostami S, et al. (2018) The effect of inlet temperature and spark timing on thermo-mechanical, chemical and the total exergy of an SI engine using bioethanol-gasoline blends. Energy Convers Manag 165: 344-353. |
[38] | Rufin CH, Lima AJTB De, Mattos AP, et al. (2019) Exergetic analysis of a spark ignition engine fuelled with ethanol. Energy Convers Manag 192: 20-29. |
[39] | Bayraktar H (2005) Experimental and theoretical investigation of using gasoline-ethanol blends in spark-ignition engines. Renewable Energy 30: 1733-1747. |
[40] | Sezer I, Altin I, Bilgin A (2009) Exergetic analysis of using oxygenated fuels In spark-ignition (SI) engines. Energy Fuels 23: 1801-1807. |
[41] | Jin C, Yao M, Liu H, et al. (2011) Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 15: 4080-4106. |
[42] | Elfasakhany A (2014) Experimental study on emissions and performance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and gasoline/n-butanol blends. Energy Convers Manag 88: 277-283. |
[43] | Sayin C, Hosoz M, Canakci M, et al. (2007) Energy and exergy analyses of a gasoline engine. Int J Energy Res 31: 259-273. |
[44] | Canakci M, Hosoz M (2006) Energy and exergy analyses of a diesel engine fuelled with various biodiesels. Energy Sources, Part B Econ Plan Policy 1: 379-394. |
[45] | Yunus A, Cengel MAB (2018) Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, Boston, MA, USA, 2006, McGraw-Hill College: |
[46] | Vallinayagam R, Vedharaj S, Roberts WL, et al. (2017) Performance and emissions of gasoline blended with terpineol as an octane booster. Renewable Energy 101: 1087-1093. |
[47] | Song J, Song HH (2020) Analytical approach to the exergy destruction and the simple expansion work potential in the constant internal energy and volume combustion process. Energies 13. |
[48] | Dogan B, Erol D, Yaman H, et al. (2017) The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis. Appl Therm Eng 120: 433-443. |
[49] | Moran MJ, Shapiro HN (1995) Fundamental of Engineering Thermodynamics, New York, John Wiley. |