Biodiesel production from used vegetable oil and CaO catalyst impregnated with KNO<sub>3</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub>

A. A. Ayoola; F. K. Hymore; C. A. Omonhinmin; O. Agboola; E. E. Alagbe; D. Oyekunle; M. O. Bello; A. A. Ayoola; F. K. Hymore; C. A. Omonhinmin; O. Agboola; E. E. Alagbe; D. Oyekunle; M. O. Bello

doi:10.3934/energy.2020.3.527

AIMS Energy

2020, Volume 8, Issue 3: 527-537. doi: 10.3934/energy.2020.3.527

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Research article

Biodiesel production from used vegetable oil and CaO catalyst impregnated with KNO₃ and NaNO₃

1.
Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
2.
Regent University College of Science and Technology, Accra, Ghana
3.
Biological Sciences Department, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

Received: 15 November 2019 Accepted: 05 April 2020 Published: 24 June 2020

The rise in global energy demand has encouraged exploring into other innovative methods of generating renewable fuels from different forms of waste. Due to its accessibility, culinary used vegetable oil is regarded as a potential source for profitable production of biodiesel. In the present study, the viability of producing biodiesel from used vegetable oil (UVO) by utilizing CaO catalyst (derived from the calcination of chicken eggshell and impregnated with KNO₃ and NaNO₃) was studied. Higher yield of biodiesel was obtained at methanol/oil mole ratio of (9–10) and CaO catalyst concentration of (2.0–3.0) wt/wt% Oil, for the three forms of catalyst used. Also, higher yield of biodiesel was obtained when CaO with impregnated KNO₃ was used, followed by the operation involving CaO with impregnated NaNO₃. At optimum conditions of methanol/oil mole ratio of 9 and catalyst concentration of 2.4 wt/wt% Oil, the yields of biodiesel obtained were 90% (for unimpregnated catalyst), 92% (using CaO impregnated with NaNO₃) and 95% (using CaO impregnated with KNO₃). The higher biodiesel yield obtained for CaO impregnated with KNO₃ (compared to the yield from CaO impregnated with NaNO₃) could be traced to a more reactive nature of potassium and arrangement of electrons of both potassium and sodium. The results of the tests and analysis on biodiesel properties reveal that quality biodiesel were produced from the three forms of catalyst used. This is because, each of the values of the properties considered falls within the ASTM standard.
- biodiesel,
- calcination,
- CaO,
- eggshells,
- impregnation,
- KNO₃,
- NaNO₃,
- waste vegetable oil
Citation: A. A. Ayoola, F. K. Hymore, C. A. Omonhinmin, O. Agboola, E. E. Alagbe, D. Oyekunle, M. O. Bello. Biodiesel production from used vegetable oil and CaO catalyst impregnated with KNO3 and NaNO3[J]. AIMS Energy, 2020, 8(3): 527-537. doi: 10.3934/energy.2020.3.527

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Abstract

The rise in global energy demand has encouraged exploring into other innovative methods of generating renewable fuels from different forms of waste. Due to its accessibility, culinary used vegetable oil is regarded as a potential source for profitable production of biodiesel. In the present study, the viability of producing biodiesel from used vegetable oil (UVO) by utilizing CaO catalyst (derived from the calcination of chicken eggshell and impregnated with KNO₃ and NaNO₃) was studied. Higher yield of biodiesel was obtained at methanol/oil mole ratio of (9–10) and CaO catalyst concentration of (2.0–3.0) wt/wt% Oil, for the three forms of catalyst used. Also, higher yield of biodiesel was obtained when CaO with impregnated KNO₃ was used, followed by the operation involving CaO with impregnated NaNO₃. At optimum conditions of methanol/oil mole ratio of 9 and catalyst concentration of 2.4 wt/wt% Oil, the yields of biodiesel obtained were 90% (for unimpregnated catalyst), 92% (using CaO impregnated with NaNO₃) and 95% (using CaO impregnated with KNO₃). The higher biodiesel yield obtained for CaO impregnated with KNO₃ (compared to the yield from CaO impregnated with NaNO₃) could be traced to a more reactive nature of potassium and arrangement of electrons of both potassium and sodium. The results of the tests and analysis on biodiesel properties reveal that quality biodiesel were produced from the three forms of catalyst used. This is because, each of the values of the properties considered falls within the ASTM standard.

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