Oral microbiome and health

Neetu Sharma; Sonu Bhatia; Abhinashi Singh Sodhi; Navneet Batra; Neetu Sharma; Sonu Bhatia; Abhinashi Singh Sodhi; Navneet Batra

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2018.1.42

AIMS Microbiology

2018, Volume 4, Issue 1: 42-66. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.1.42

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Review Topical Sections

Oral microbiome and health

1.
Department of Microbiology, GGDSD College, Sector 32 C Chandigarh, India
2.
Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Sector 32 C Chandigarh, India

Received: 27 October 2017 Accepted: 03 January 2018 Published: 12 January 2018

The oral microbiome is diverse in its composition due to continuous contact of oral cavity with the external environment. Temperatures, diet, pH, feeding habits are important factors that contribute in the establishment of oral microbiome. Both culture dependent and culture independent approaches have been employed in the analysis of oral microbiome. Gene-based methods like PCR amplification techniques, random amplicon cloning, PCR-RELP, T-RELP, DGGE and DNA microarray analysis have been applied to increase oral microbiome related knowledge. Studies revealed that microbes from the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Neisseria, TM7 predominately inhabits the oral cavity. Culture-independent molecular techniques revealed the presence of genera Megasphaera, Parvimonas and Desulfobulbus in periodontal disease. Bacteria, fungi and protozoa colonize themselves on various surfaces in oral cavity. Microbial biofilms are formed on the buccal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, tooth surfaces and gingival sulcus. Various studies demonstrate relationship between unbalanced microflora and development of diseases like tooth caries, periodontal diseases, type 2 diabetes, circulatory system related diseases etc. Transcriptome-based remodelling of microbial metabolism in health and disease associated states has been well reported. Human diets and habitat can trigger virus activation and influence phage members of oral microbiome. As it is said, “Mouth, is the gateway to the total body wellness, thus oral microbiome influences overall health of an individual”.
- microbiome,
- oral cavity,
- HOMD,
- biofilm,
- periodontitis
Citation: Neetu Sharma, Sonu Bhatia, Abhinashi Singh Sodhi, Navneet Batra. Oral microbiome and health[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2018, 4(1): 42-66. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.1.42

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Abstract

The oral microbiome is diverse in its composition due to continuous contact of oral cavity with the external environment. Temperatures, diet, pH, feeding habits are important factors that contribute in the establishment of oral microbiome. Both culture dependent and culture independent approaches have been employed in the analysis of oral microbiome. Gene-based methods like PCR amplification techniques, random amplicon cloning, PCR-RELP, T-RELP, DGGE and DNA microarray analysis have been applied to increase oral microbiome related knowledge. Studies revealed that microbes from the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Neisseria, TM7 predominately inhabits the oral cavity. Culture-independent molecular techniques revealed the presence of genera Megasphaera, Parvimonas and Desulfobulbus in periodontal disease. Bacteria, fungi and protozoa colonize themselves on various surfaces in oral cavity. Microbial biofilms are formed on the buccal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, tooth surfaces and gingival sulcus. Various studies demonstrate relationship between unbalanced microflora and development of diseases like tooth caries, periodontal diseases, type 2 diabetes, circulatory system related diseases etc. Transcriptome-based remodelling of microbial metabolism in health and disease associated states has been well reported. Human diets and habitat can trigger virus activation and influence phage members of oral microbiome. As it is said, “Mouth, is the gateway to the total body wellness, thus oral microbiome influences overall health of an individual”.

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