First stage of bio-jet fuel production: non-food sunflower oil extraction using cold press method

Xianhui Zhao; Lin Wei; James Julson; Xianhui Zhao; Lin Wei; James Julson

doi:10.3934/energy.2014.2.193

AIMS Energy

2014, Volume 2, Issue 2: 193-209. doi: 10.3934/energy.2014.2.193

Previous Article Next Article

Research article Special Issues

First stage of bio-jet fuel production: non-food sunflower oil extraction using cold press method

Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA

Received: 20 March 2014 Accepted: 13 June 2014 Published: 20 June 2014

As a result of concerning petroleum price increasing and environmental impact, more attention is attracted to renewable resources for transportation fuels. Because not conflict with human and animal food resources, non-food vegetable oils are promising sources for developing bio-jet fuels. Extracting vegetable oil from oilseeds is the first critical step in the pathway of bio-jet fuel production. When sunflower seeds are de-hulled, there are always about 5%–15% broken seed kernels (fine meat particles) left over as residual wastes with oil content up to 48%. However, the oil extracted from these sunflower seed residues is non-edible due to its quality not meeting food standards. Genetically modified sunflower grown on margin lands has been identified one of sustainable biofuel sources since it doesn't compete to arable land uses. Sunflower oils extraction from non-food sunflower seeds, sunflower meats, and fine sunflower meats (seed de-hulling residue) was carried out using a cold press method in this study. Characterization of the sunflower oils produced was performed. The effect of cold press rotary frequency on oil recovery and quality was discussed. The results show that higher oil recovery was obtained at lower rotary frequencies. The highest oil recovery for sunflower seeds, sunflower meats, and fine sunflower meats in the tests were 75.67%, 89.74% and 83.19% respectively. The cold press operating conditions had minor influence on the sunflower oil quality. Sunflower meat oils produced at 15 Hz were preliminarily upgraded and distilled. The properties of the upgraded sunflower oils were improved. Though further study is needed for the improvement of processing cost and oil recovery, cold press has shown promising to extract oil from non-food sunflower seeds for future bio-jet fuel production.
- Sunflower oilseeds,
- Vegetable oil,
- Jet fuel,
- Frequency,
- Catalyst
Citation: Xianhui Zhao, Lin Wei, James Julson. First stage of bio-jet fuel production: non-food sunflower oil extraction using cold press method[J]. AIMS Energy, 2014, 2(2): 193-209. doi: 10.3934/energy.2014.2.193

Related Papers:

Abstract

As a result of concerning petroleum price increasing and environmental impact, more attention is attracted to renewable resources for transportation fuels. Because not conflict with human and animal food resources, non-food vegetable oils are promising sources for developing bio-jet fuels. Extracting vegetable oil from oilseeds is the first critical step in the pathway of bio-jet fuel production. When sunflower seeds are de-hulled, there are always about 5%–15% broken seed kernels (fine meat particles) left over as residual wastes with oil content up to 48%. However, the oil extracted from these sunflower seed residues is non-edible due to its quality not meeting food standards. Genetically modified sunflower grown on margin lands has been identified one of sustainable biofuel sources since it doesn't compete to arable land uses. Sunflower oils extraction from non-food sunflower seeds, sunflower meats, and fine sunflower meats (seed de-hulling residue) was carried out using a cold press method in this study. Characterization of the sunflower oils produced was performed. The effect of cold press rotary frequency on oil recovery and quality was discussed. The results show that higher oil recovery was obtained at lower rotary frequencies. The highest oil recovery for sunflower seeds, sunflower meats, and fine sunflower meats in the tests were 75.67%, 89.74% and 83.19% respectively. The cold press operating conditions had minor influence on the sunflower oil quality. Sunflower meat oils produced at 15 Hz were preliminarily upgraded and distilled. The properties of the upgraded sunflower oils were improved. Though further study is needed for the improvement of processing cost and oil recovery, cold press has shown promising to extract oil from non-food sunflower seeds for future bio-jet fuel production.

References

[1]	Frandsen FJ (2013) Impacts of fuel quality on power production and the environment. Energ Fuels 27: 5593-5594. doi: 10.1021/ef4015873
[2]	Snoeck D, Belie ND (2012) Mechanical and self-healing properties of cementitious composites reinforced with flax and cottonised flax, and compared with polyvinyl alcohol fibres. Biosyst Eng 111: 325-335. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.12.005
[3]	Demirbas AH, Demirbas I (2007) Importance of rural bioenergy for developing countries. Energ Convers Manage 48: 2386-2398. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.03.005
[4]	Sprague (2006) Material Safety Data Sheet. Jet A aviation fuel. 1-4. An Axel Johnson, Inc. Company. Portsmouth, NH. Available at: http://www.spragueenergy.com/documents/MSDS%20Jet%20A%20Aviation%20Fuel%2006.pdf.Accessed on 26 May 2013.
[5]	Qu W, Wei L, Julson J (2013) An exploration of improving the properties of heavy bio-oil. Energ Fuels 27: 4717-4722. doi: 10.1021/ef400418p
[6]	Biswas S, Biswas P, Kumar A (2012) Catalytic cracking of soybean oil with zirconium complex chemically bonded to alumina support without hydrogen. Inter J Chem Sci Appl 3: 306-313.
[7]	Wang W, Thapaliya N, Campos A, et al. (2012) Hydrocarbon fuels from vegetable oils via hydrolysis and thermo-catalytic decarboxylation. Fuel 95: 622-629. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.041
[8]	Agusdinata DB, Zhao F, Ileleji K, et al. (2011) Life Cycle Assessment of Potential Biojet Fuel Production in the United States. Environ Sci Technol 45: 9133-9143. doi: 10.1021/es202148g
[9]	Hemighaus G, Boval T, Bosley C, et al. (2006) Alternative jet fuels. Chevron Corporation. Addendum 1 to aviation fuels technical review (FTR-3/A1).
[10]	Requena JF, Guimaraes AC, Alpera SQ, et al. (2011) Life cycle assessment (LCA) of the biofuel production process from sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil. Fuel Proc Technol 92: 190-199. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.03.004
[11]	Boateng AA, Mullen CA, Goldberg NM (2010) Producing Stable Pyrolysis Liquids from the Oil-Seed Presscakes of Mustard Family Plants Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and Camelina (Camelina sativa). Energ Fuels 24: 6624-6632. doi: 10.1021/ef101223a
[12]	Backer LF, Jacobsen L, Olson C (1982) Processing sunflower oil for fuel. ND Farm Res 39: 6-8.
[13]	Georgogianni KG, Kontominas MG, Pomonis PJ, et al. (2008) Conventional and in situ transesterification of sunflower seed oil for the production of biodiesel. Fuel Proc Technol 89: 503-509. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.10.004
[14]	Carre P (2009) Review and evaluation major and most promising processing technologies for oil seed pretreatment and extraction. Sustoil. D2.1: Report about dehulling, the first step of oilseeds bioreffining. Sustoil: Developing advanced biorefinery schemes for integration into existing oil production/transesterification plants. WP 2: Optimisation of primary processing (e.g. oil extraction and refinery). Creol. 1-32.
[15]	USDA. (2013) South Dakota's Rank in United States Agriculture Production. National Agricultural Statistics Database. Washington, D.C.: USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service. Available at: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/150565559/SOUTH-DAKOTA-S-RANK-IN-UNITED-STATES-AGRICULTURE-2011. Accessed on 25 April 2013.
[16]	Nelson RJ, Kephart KD (2011) Feedstock development in the north central region for green diesel and jet fuels. Brookings, SD: Sun Grant Initiative-North Central Center South Dakota State University.
[17]	Encinar JM, Gonzalez JF, Martinez G, et al. (2010) Transesterification of vegetables oil in subcritical methanol conditions. 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition 1779-1784.
[18]	Jr LM, Damasco JA, Piecco KW (2010) Transesterification of oil extract from locally-cultivated jatropha curcas using a heterogeneous base catalyst and determination of its properties as a viable biodiesel. Philip J Sci 139: 105-116.
[19]	Li H, Yu P, Shen B (2009) Biofuel potential production from cottonseed oil: a comparison of non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis on fixed-fluidied bed reactor. Fuel Proc Technol 90: 1087-1092. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.04.016
[20]	Wang H, Yan S, Salley SO, et al. (2012) Hydrocarbon Fuels Production from Hydrocracking of Soybean Oil Using Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides Supported on ZSM-5. 2012. Ind Eng Chem Res 51: 10066-10073.
[21]	Wildschut J, Mahfud FH, Venderbosch RH, et al. (2009) Hydrotreatment of Fast Pyrolysis Oil Using Heterogeneous Noble-Metal Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 48: 10324-10334. doi: 10.1021/ie9006003
[22]	Krar M, Kovacs S, Kallo D, et al. (2010) Fuel purpose hydrotreating of sunflower oil on CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst. Bioresource Technol 101: 9287-9293. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.107
[23]	Demirbas A (2003) Fuel conversional aspects of palm oil and sunflower oil. Energ Sources 25: 457-466. doi: 10.1080/00908310390142451
[24]	Pinzi S, Gandia LM, Arzamendi G, et al. (2011) Influence of vegetable oils fatty acid composition on reaction temperature and glycerides conversion to biodiesel during transesterification. Bioresource Technol 102: 1044-1050. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.029
[25]	Bezergianni S, Voutetakis S, Kalogianni A (2009) Catalytic hydrocracking of fresh and used cooking oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 48: 8402-8406. doi: 10.1021/ie900445m
[26]	Luo Y, Ahmed I, Kubatova A, et al. (2010) The thermal cracking of soybean/canola oils and their methyl esters. Fuel Proc Technol 91: 613-617. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.01.007
[27]	Topare NS, Raut SJ, Renge VC, et al. (2011) Extraction of oil from algae by solvent extraction and oil expeller method. Int J Chem Sci 9: 1764-1750.
[28]	Cenkowski S, Yakimishen R, Przybylski R, et al. (2006) Quality of extracted sea buckthorn seed and pulp oil. Can Biosyst Eng 48: 3.9-3.16.
[29]	Chin HF, Krishnapillay B, Stanwood PC (1989) Seed moisture: recalcitrant vs. orthodox seeds. In: Stanwood PC; McDonald MB. Seed Moisture. Madison: CSSA special publication, 14: 15-22.
[30]	Mo N, Savage PE (2014) Hydrothermal catalytic cracking of fatty acids with HZSM-5. ACS Sust Chem Eng 2: 88-94. doi: 10.1021/sc400368n
[31]	Knothe G (2008) "Designer" biodiesel: optimizing fatty ester composition to improve fuel properties. Energ Fuels 22: 1358-1364. doi: 10.1021/ef700639e
[32]	Sarajlija H, Cukelj N, Novotni D, et al. (2012) Preparation of flaxseed for lignin determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Czech J Food Sci 30: 45.
[33]	Hamerton I, Emsley AM, Hay JN, et al. (2005). The development of controllable complex curing agents for epoxy resins part 3. An investigation of the shelf life and thermal dissociation behavior of bis (acetanilido)-tris (acetato) dicuprate (II). J Mater Chem 15: 1-12.
[34]	Dionex Company (2011) Extraction of oils from oilseeds by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Therm Sci 1-3.
[35]	Cancalon P (1971) Chemical composition of sunflower seed hulls. J Am Oil Chemists' Soc 48: 629-632. doi: 10.1007/BF02544577
[36]	Santillan-Jimenez E, Morgan T, Lacny J, et al. (2013) Catalytic deoxygenation of triglycerides and fatty acids to hydrocarbons over carbon-supported nickel. Fuel 103: 1010-1017. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.035
[37]	Rustan AC, Drevon CA (2005) Fatty Acids: Structures and properties. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 1-7.
[38]	Zubik J, Sorenson SC, Goering CE (1984) Diesel engine combustion of sunflower oil fuels. Transact ASABE 27: 1252-1256. doi: 10.13031/2013.32955
[39]	Tesoro (2012) Safety Data Sheet-Jet Fuel: 1-8. Tesoro Refining & Marketing Co. San Antonio, TX. Available at: http://www.tsocorp.com/stellent/groups/corpcomm/documents/tsocorp_documents/msdsjetfuel.pdf. Accessed on 25 April 2013.
[40]	Zhang J, Toghiani H, Mohan D, et al. (2007) Product analysis and thermodynamic simulations from the pyrolysis of several biomass feedstocks. Energ Fuels 21: 2373-2385. doi: 10.1021/ef0606557
[41]	Jet A/Jet A-1 (1999) Environment Canada, Emergencies Science and Technology Division (bulletin, data from Shell). Available at: http://www.etc-cte.ec.gc.ca/databases/Oilproperties/pdf/WEB_Jet_A-Jet_A-1.pdf.
[42]	Maher KD, Bressler DC (2007) Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Bioresource Technol 98: 2351-2368. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.025
[43]	Fadock MN (2010) Carbon profile matching, algae fatty acids and jet A fuel properties. Guelph Eng J 3: 1-8.
[44]	Li Y, Shao J, Wang X, et al. (2013) Upgrading of Bio-oil: Removal of the Fermentation Inhibitor (Furfural) from the Model Compounds of Bio-oil Using Pyrolytic Char. Energ Fuels 27: 5975-5981. doi: 10.1021/ef401375q
[45]	Kimura T, Imai H, Li X, et al. (2013) Hydroconversion of Triglycerides to Hydrocarbons Over Mo–Nic-Al2O3 Catalyst Under Low Hydrogen Pressure. Catalyst Lett 143: 1175-1181. doi: 10.1007/s10562-013-1047-x

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2014 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)