Universal buffers for use in biochemistry and biophysical experiments

Dewey Brooke; Navid Movahed; Brian Bothner; Dewey Brooke; Navid Movahed; Brian Bothner

doi:10.3934/biophy.2015.3.336

AIMS Biophysics

2015, Volume 2, Issue 3: 336-342. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2015.3.336

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Letter

Universal buffers for use in biochemistry and biophysical experiments

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717, USA

Received: 19 April 2015 Accepted: 20 July 2015 Published: 14 August 2015

The use of buffers that mimic biological solutions is a foundation of biochemical and biophysical studies. However, buffering agents have both specific and nonspecific interactions with proteins. Buffer molecules can induce changes in conformational equilibria, dynamic behavior, and catalytic properties merely by their presence in solution. This effect is of concern because many of the standard experiments used to investigate protein structure and function involve changing solution conditions such as pH and/or temperature. In experiments in which pH is varied, it is common practice to switch buffering agents so that the pH is within the working range of the weak acid and conjugate base. If multiple buffers are used, it is not always possible to decouple buffer induced change from pH or temperature induced change. We have developed a series of mixed biological buffers for protein analysis that can be used across a broad pH range, are compatible with biologically relevant metal ions, and avoid complications that may arise from changing the small molecule composition of buffers when pH is used as an experimental variable.
- buffer,
- protein,
- pH,
- enzyme assay,
- structure,
- allostery
Citation: Dewey Brooke, Navid Movahed, Brian Bothner. Universal buffers for use in biochemistry and biophysical experiments[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2015, 2(3): 336-342. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2015.3.336

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Abstract

The use of buffers that mimic biological solutions is a foundation of biochemical and biophysical studies. However, buffering agents have both specific and nonspecific interactions with proteins. Buffer molecules can induce changes in conformational equilibria, dynamic behavior, and catalytic properties merely by their presence in solution. This effect is of concern because many of the standard experiments used to investigate protein structure and function involve changing solution conditions such as pH and/or temperature. In experiments in which pH is varied, it is common practice to switch buffering agents so that the pH is within the working range of the weak acid and conjugate base. If multiple buffers are used, it is not always possible to decouple buffer induced change from pH or temperature induced change. We have developed a series of mixed biological buffers for protein analysis that can be used across a broad pH range, are compatible with biologically relevant metal ions, and avoid complications that may arise from changing the small molecule composition of buffers when pH is used as an experimental variable.

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