Autoimmune liver disease and the enteric microbiome

Kerri Glassner; Eamonn MM Quigley; Lissa Franco; David W Victor III; Kerri Glassner; Eamonn MM Quigley; Lissa Franco; David W Victor III

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.334

AIMS Microbiology

2018, Volume 4, Issue 2: 334-346. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.334

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Review Topical Sections

Autoimmune liver disease and the enteric microbiome

1.
Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6550 Fannin Street, SM 1201, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2.
Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6550 Fannin Street, SM 1201, Houston, TX 77030, USA

Received: 04 March 2018 Accepted: 08 May 2018 Published: 14 May 2018

The human enteric microbiome is highly complex and has more than 150 times more genes within it than its host. The host and the microbiome have a commensurate relationship that can evolve over time. The typically symbiotic relationship between the two can become pathogenic. The microbiome composition in adults reflects their history of exposure to bacteria and environmental factors during early life, their genetic background, age, interactions with the immune system, geographical location, and, most especially, their diet. Similarly, these factors are thought to contribute to the development of autoimmune disease. It is possible that alterations in the intestinal microbiome could lead to liver disease. There is emerging data for the contribution of the microbiome in development of primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis; liver disorders associated with aberrant immune function in genetically susceptible individuals.
- primary sclerosing cholangitis,
- primary biliary cholangitis,
- autoimmune hepatitis,
- microbiome,
- PSC,
- PBC
Citation: Kerri Glassner, Eamonn MM Quigley, Lissa Franco, David W Victor III. Autoimmune liver disease and the enteric microbiome[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2018, 4(2): 334-346. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.334

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Abstract

The human enteric microbiome is highly complex and has more than 150 times more genes within it than its host. The host and the microbiome have a commensurate relationship that can evolve over time. The typically symbiotic relationship between the two can become pathogenic. The microbiome composition in adults reflects their history of exposure to bacteria and environmental factors during early life, their genetic background, age, interactions with the immune system, geographical location, and, most especially, their diet. Similarly, these factors are thought to contribute to the development of autoimmune disease. It is possible that alterations in the intestinal microbiome could lead to liver disease. There is emerging data for the contribution of the microbiome in development of primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis; liver disorders associated with aberrant immune function in genetically susceptible individuals.

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